Swallowing Muscles

Question 1

Masseter

Answer 1

closes the jaw by elevating and drawing forwards the angle of the mandible (V)

Question 2

Temporalis

Answer 2

raises the mandible; posterior fibers retract the mandible slightly, assisted by the anterior suprahyoid muscles (V)

Question 3

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 3

works with masseter and temporalis to raise and protrude the mandible (V)

Question 4

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 4

protrudes and depresses the mandible (V)

Question 5

Superior longitudinal

Answer 5

shortens the tongue, turns tongue tip and lateral margins upward (XII)

Question 6

Inferior longitudinal

Answer 6

shortens tongue, pulls tip downwards (XII)

Question 7

verticalis

Answer 7

flattens and widens tongue (XII)

Question 8

transverse

Answer 8

narrows and elongates tongue (XII)

Question 9

genioglossus

Answer 9

protrudes tongue, elevates tip (creates channel for bolus), helps to elevate hyoid bone (and larynx) (XII)

Question 10

styloglossus

Answer 10

draws tongue up and back (XII)

Question 11

hyoglossus

Answer 11

retracts and depresses tongue, elevates hyoid (XII)

Question 12

palatoglossus

Answer 12

can assist styloglossus in raising back of tongue, also aids styloglossus and inferior longitudinal in bulging back of tongue (X, XI)

Question 13

levator veli palatini

Answer 13

primary elevator of the soft palate, pulls soft palate posteriorly to seal the pharyngeal cavity (X, XI)

Question 14

tensor veli palatini

Answer 14

spreads and tenses soft palate to close off nasal cavity, pulls on wall of Eustachian tube and opens it up to equalize pressure (V)

Question 15

lip closure (muscle and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 15

orbicularis oris, CN VII

Question 16

contain bolus (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 16

orbicularis oris, buccinator, CN VII

Question 17

mandible movement (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 17

temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid– CN V (mandibular branch)

Question 18

move bolus (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 18

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, verticalis, transverse, genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus– CN XII hypoglossal

Question 19

anterior velar movement (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 19

palatoglossus–CN X, XI (vagus, pharyngeal plexus)

Question 20

velar elevation (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 20

levator veli palatini (CN X, XI), tensor veli palatini (CN V)

Question 21

propel bolus into pharynx (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor

Answer 21

levator veli palatini (CN X), hyoglossus and styloglossus (CN XII–hypoglossal)

Question 22

lips–afferent/sensory CN

Answer 22

trigeminal (V)

Question 23

anterior 2/3 of tongue, taste–afferent/sensory CN

Answer 23

facial (VII)

Question 24

anterior 2/3 tongue, sensation–afferent/sensory CN

Answer 24

trigeminal (V)

Question 25

posterior 1/3 tongue--afferent/sensory CN

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 26

valleculae--afferent/sensory CN

Answer 26

vagus (X)

Question 27

palate--afferent/sensory CN

Answer 27

trigeminal (V, maxillary branch), vagus (X)

Question 28

chin--afferent/sensory CN

Answer 28

trigeminal (V)

Question 29

cheeks--afferent/sensory CN

Answer 29

trigeminal (V)

Question 30

palatopharyngeus

Answer 30

raises the pharynx and depresses soft palate (CN X)--shortens and elevates pharynx

Question 31

stylopharyngeus

Answer 31

elevates pharynx and larynx, widens pharynx to permit passage of large bolus (CN IX)--shortens and elevates pharynx

Question 32

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 32

raises pharynx and larynx, laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up (CN X)--shortens and elevates pharynx

Question 33

anterior belly of the digastric

Answer 33

draws hyoid up and forward, depresses mandible to open mouth (CN V)--"suprahyoids"

Question 34

posterior belly of the digastric

Answer 34

draws hyoid up and forward, depresses mandible to open mouth (CN VII)--"suprahyoids"

Question 35

mylohyoid

Answer 35

draws hyoid up and forward WITH floor of mouth and tongue, depresses mandible (CN V)--"suprahyoids"

Question 36

stylohyoid

Answer 36

elevates hyoid (CN VII)--"suprahyoids"

Question 37

geniohyoid

Answer 37

draws hyoid up and forward (brings tongue and larynx up), depresses mandible (CN XII)--"suprahyoids"

Question 38

superior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 38

narrows the upper wall of the pharynx (CN X)--clears the bolus through the pharynx

Question 39

medial pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 39

contracts the pharynx during swallowing (CN X)--clears the bolus through the pharynx

Question 40

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 40

constricts the lower part of the pharynx (CN X)--clears the bolus through the pharynx

Question 41

aryepiglottis

Answer 41

pulls back the epiglottis--seals laryngeal vestibule

Question 42

thyroepiglottis

Answer 42

depresses the epiglottis to seal off the passage for swallowing--seals laryngeal vestibule

Question 43

thyrohyoid

Answer 43

elevates larynx and depresses hyoid bone--seals larygneal vestibule

Question 44

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 44

elevates larynx and moves it anteriorly (digastric bellies, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid)

Question 45

lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 45

rotates arytenoids inwards and downwards to approximate/adduct the vocal folds (CN X)--closes larynx

Question 46

interarytenoids: transverse arytenoid

Answer 46

horizontal fibers, draws arytenoid together by pulling them up on the shoulders of the cricoid cartilage and elevates them slightly--closes larynx

Question 47

interarytenoids: oblique arytenoid

Answer 47

adducts the vocal folds by bringing the apexes of the arytenoid cartilages together--closes larynx

Question 48

cricopharyngeus

Answer 48

part of UES, normally contracted, opens at initiation of swallow to prepare to let bolus through, part of pharyngeal peristaltic wave

Question 49

close larynx-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 49

lateral cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids (CN X)

Question 50

raise hyoid and larynx-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 50

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (CN V), stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric (CN VII)

Question 51

raise thyroid--efferent/motor (pharyngeal) (laryngeal elevation)

Answer 51

geniohyoid moves the thyrohyoid (CN XII)

Question 52

seal pharyngeal inlet-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 52

thyrohyoid closes epiglottic fold, anterior and superior movement of larynx, elevation of hyoid by suprahyoids (CN V)

Question 53

elevate and shorten pharynx-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 53

palatopharyngeus (IX, X), stylopharyngeus (IX), salpingopharyngeus (X)

Question 54

cricopharyngeal opening-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 54

cricophayngeal muscle relaxes, then it is pulled open and pressure moves bolus through (V, X, XII)

Question 55

clear bolus through pharynx-- efferent/motor (pharyngeal)

Answer 55

superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor (IX, X--pharyngeal plexus)

Question 56

move material through esophagus

Answer 56

striated and smooth esophageal muscle (CN X)

Question 57

laryngopharynx innervation--afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)

Answer 57

IX glossopharyngeal, X vagus (pharyngeal plexus), XI spinal accessory

Question 58

larynx above true vocal folds--afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)

Answer 58

X--interior branch of superior laryngeal

Question 59

larynx below true vocal folds--afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)

Answer 59

X--RLN

Question 60

Damage to sensory vagus (X) causes...

Answer 60

...reduced sensation to laryngopharynx (don’t sense aspiration= silent aspiration)