Swallowing Muscles Flashcards
Masseter
closes the jaw by elevating and drawing forwards the angle of the mandible (V)
Temporalis
raises the mandible; posterior fibers retract the mandible slightly, assisted by the anterior suprahyoid muscles (V)
Medial Pterygoid
works with masseter and temporalis to raise and protrude the mandible (V)
Lateral Pterygoid
protrudes and depresses the mandible (V)
Superior longitudinal
shortens the tongue, turns tongue tip and lateral margins upward (XII)
Inferior longitudinal
shortens tongue, pulls tip downwards (XII)
verticalis
flattens and widens tongue (XII)
transverse
narrows and elongates tongue (XII)
genioglossus
protrudes tongue, elevates tip (creates channel for bolus), helps to elevate hyoid bone (and larynx) (XII)
styloglossus
draws tongue up and back (XII)
hyoglossus
retracts and depresses tongue, elevates hyoid (XII)
palatoglossus
can assist styloglossus in raising back of tongue, also aids styloglossus and inferior longitudinal in bulging back of tongue (X, XI)
levator veli palatini
primary elevator of the soft palate, pulls soft palate posteriorly to seal the pharyngeal cavity (X, XI)
tensor veli palatini
spreads and tenses soft palate to close off nasal cavity, pulls on wall of Eustachian tube and opens it up to equalize pressure (V)
lip closure (muscle and CN)–efferent/motor
orbicularis oris, CN VII
contain bolus (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
orbicularis oris, buccinator, CN VII
mandible movement (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid– CN V (mandibular branch)
move bolus (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, verticalis, transverse, genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus– CN XII hypoglossal
anterior velar movement (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
palatoglossus–CN X, XI (vagus, pharyngeal plexus)
velar elevation (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
levator veli palatini (CN X, XI), tensor veli palatini (CN V)
propel bolus into pharynx (muscles and CN)–efferent/motor
levator veli palatini (CN X), hyoglossus and styloglossus (CN XII–hypoglossal)
lips–afferent/sensory CN
trigeminal (V)
anterior 2/3 of tongue, taste–afferent/sensory CN
facial (VII)
anterior 2/3 tongue, sensation–afferent/sensory CN
trigeminal (V)
posterior 1/3 tongue–afferent/sensory CN
glossopharyngeal (IX)
valleculae–afferent/sensory CN
vagus (X)
palate–afferent/sensory CN
trigeminal (V, maxillary branch), vagus (X)
chin–afferent/sensory CN
trigeminal (V)
cheeks–afferent/sensory CN
trigeminal (V)
palatopharyngeus
raises the pharynx and depresses soft palate (CN X)–shortens and elevates pharynx
stylopharyngeus
elevates pharynx and larynx, widens pharynx to permit passage of large bolus (CN IX)–shortens and elevates pharynx
salpingopharyngeus
raises pharynx and larynx, laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up (CN X)–shortens and elevates pharynx
anterior belly of the digastric
draws hyoid up and forward, depresses mandible to open mouth (CN V)–“suprahyoids”
posterior belly of the digastric
draws hyoid up and forward, depresses mandible to open mouth (CN VII)–“suprahyoids”
mylohyoid
draws hyoid up and forward WITH floor of mouth and tongue, depresses mandible (CN V)–“suprahyoids”
stylohyoid
elevates hyoid (CN VII)–“suprahyoids”
geniohyoid
draws hyoid up and forward (brings tongue and larynx up), depresses mandible (CN XII)–“suprahyoids”
superior pharyngeal constrictor
narrows the upper wall of the pharynx (CN X)–clears the bolus through the pharynx
medial pharyngeal constrictor
contracts the pharynx during swallowing (CN X)–clears the bolus through the pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
constricts the lower part of the pharynx (CN X)–clears the bolus through the pharynx
aryepiglottis
pulls back the epiglottis–seals laryngeal vestibule
thyroepiglottis
depresses the epiglottis to seal off the passage for swallowing–seals laryngeal vestibule
thyrohyoid
elevates larynx and depresses hyoid bone–seals larygneal vestibule
suprahyoid muscles
elevates larynx and moves it anteriorly (digastric bellies, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid)
lateral cricoarytenoid
rotates arytenoids inwards and downwards to approximate/adduct the vocal folds (CN X)–closes larynx
interarytenoids: transverse arytenoid
horizontal fibers, draws arytenoid together by pulling them up on the shoulders of the cricoid cartilage and elevates them slightly–closes larynx
interarytenoids: oblique arytenoid
adducts the vocal folds by bringing the apexes of the arytenoid cartilages together–closes larynx
cricopharyngeus
part of UES, normally contracted, opens at initiation of swallow to prepare to let bolus through, part of pharyngeal peristaltic wave
close larynx– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
lateral cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids (CN X)
raise hyoid and larynx– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (CN V), stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric (CN VII)
raise thyroid–efferent/motor (pharyngeal) (laryngeal elevation)
geniohyoid moves the thyrohyoid (CN XII)
seal pharyngeal inlet– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
thyrohyoid closes epiglottic fold, anterior and superior movement of larynx, elevation of hyoid by suprahyoids (CN V)
elevate and shorten pharynx– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
palatopharyngeus (IX, X), stylopharyngeus (IX), salpingopharyngeus (X)
cricopharyngeal opening– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
cricophayngeal muscle relaxes, then it is pulled open and pressure moves bolus through (V, X, XII)
clear bolus through pharynx– efferent/motor (pharyngeal)
superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor (IX, X–pharyngeal plexus)
move material through esophagus
striated and smooth esophageal muscle (CN X)
laryngopharynx innervation–afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)
IX glossopharyngeal, X vagus (pharyngeal plexus), XI spinal accessory
larynx above true vocal folds–afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)
X–interior branch of superior laryngeal
larynx below true vocal folds–afferent/sensory (pharyngeal)
X–RLN
Damage to sensory vagus (X) causes…
…reduced sensation to laryngopharynx (don’t sense aspiration= silent aspiration)
