Swallowing Final Flashcards
Masseter
- Elevates/closes the mandible
- Occludes the teeth
- trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Temporalis
- The anterior fibers elevate the mandible
- The posterior fibers retract the mandible
- trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Lateral pterygoid
Opens the jaw by pulling the mandibular condyle and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint forward. Moves the jaw laterally and protrudes it
-trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Medial pterygoid
Elevates the mandible; also contributes to lateral and protrusive movements
-trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Nerve for the muscles of mastication
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) - mandibular branch My - masseter Tent - temporalis Looks - lateral pterygoid Massive - medial pterygoid
Orbicularis oris
- Rounds and purses the lips
- Closes lips which is needed to create a seal when eating
- facial nerve (CN 7)
Incisivus
An accessory muscle to the orbicularis oris muscle which contributes to lip closure, protrusion, and lip pursing
-facial nerve (CN 7)
Buccinator
Compresses the cheeks in to hold the cheeks close to the teeth during mastication. Helps the bolus stay between the molars and prevents accumulation of food in lateral sulci. Also involved in sucking.
-facial nerve (CN 7)
Nerve of the lips and face
Facial nerve (CN Vll)
Orange - orbicularis oris
In - incisivus
Boca - buccinator
Levator veli palatani
Lifts soft palate to close off the nasopharynx (draws it superiorly and posteriorly during swallowing and yawning). Raises soft palate during oral breathing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)
Pharyngeal plexus
Vagus Nerve (CN 10) and Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN 9); Accessory Nerve (CN 11)
Musculus uvulae
Shortens and raises uvula and assists in closing the nasopharynx during swallowing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)
Tensor veli palatini
Tenses and elevates the soft palate to close off the nasopharynx. Opens eustachian tube with the salpingopharyngeus to equalize air pressure between the middle ear and pharynx.
-trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch (CN 5)
Extrinsic tongue muscles
-hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) Huge - hyoglossus Girl - genioglossus Spills - styloglossus Pumpkin - palatoglossus -vagus nerve (CN 10) Pie - palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Differential response based on where the muscle is fixed. If fixed at the tongue, will elevate the hyoid. If fixed at the hyoid, will retract and depress the tongue.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)
Genioglossus
Protrudes and depresses the tongue, aids in bolus transport. Makes tongue concave to help cup the bolus.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)
Styloglossus
Draws the tongue up and back (ie. elevate and retract). Helps create pressure between tongue and palate to propel bolus to back of oral cavity.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)
Palatoglossus
Elevates dorsum of tongue (to close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx) and draws the soft palate inferiorily. Lowers soft palate during nasal breathing.
-vagus nerve (CN 10)
Intrinsic tongue muscles
-Together these muscles gather food from mental & lateral sulci, and direct it towards the chewing surfaces of the teeth.
-hypoglossal nerve (CN 8)
Super - superior longitudinal
Intelligent - inferior longitudinal
Very - verticalis
Tough - transverse
Superior longitudinal
Draws the tip and sides of tongue up and shortens tongue. Makes top surface of tongue concave to hold a bolus.
-hypoglossal (CN 8)
Inferior longitudinal
Draws tongue tip down and shortens tongue.
-hypoglossal (CN 8)
Transverse
Narrows and elongates tongue
-hypoglossal (CN 8)
Verticalis
Flattens and widens tongue, and helps establish a seal between the tongue and palate during swallowing.
-hypoglossus (CN 8)
Muscles of the pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus: -So superior pharyngeal constrictor -Much middle pharyngeal constrictor -Candy cricopharyngeus -To thyropharyngeus Glossopharyngeal (CN 9) -Swallow stylopharyngeus -Pharyngeal plexus (minus accessory?) -Speedily salpingopharyngeus
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Constricts the upper part of the pharynx; involved in sphincteric and peristaltic-like actions during swallowing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Carries out sphincteric and peristaltic -like action in swallowing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)
Cricopharyngeus
- One of the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved in sphincteric and peristaltic-like action during swallowing; acts as a sphincter at the junction of the laryngopharynx and esophagus. Helps to prevent reflux.
- pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)
Thyropharyngeus
- Most superior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved sphincteric and peristaltic-like actions during swallowing; acts as a “propulsive force” for swallowing
- pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)
Stylopharyngeus
One of the three muscles that forms the inner layer of the pharynx. Elevates and shortens pharynx during swallowing (pulls pharynx walls laterally, vertically shortens pharynx)
-glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
Salpingopharyngeus
Elevates the pharynx and larynx to assist with deglutition. Opens the Eustachian tube to equalize pressure during swallowing and yawning (with TVP)
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus and glossopharyngeal, NO ACCESSORY?)
Muscles of the supralarynx and area
Trigeminal (CN 5): -M mylohyoid -A anterior belly of digastric Facial (CN 7) -P posterior belly of digastric -S stylohyoid Hypoglossal (CN 12) -Go geniohyoid Vagus (CN 10) -Pretty palatoglossus Pharyngeal Plexus -Places palatopharyngeus -Constantly cricopharyngeus
Myohyoid
Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing. moves the hyoid and tongue anteriorly, depresses mandible, assists in propelling the bolus as well as moving the hyolaryngeal complex anteriorly/superiorly during the swallow.
-trigeminal (CN 5)
Anterior belly of digastric
Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing, depresses jaw if hyoid is fixed, moves hyolaryngeal complex
-trigeminal (CN 5)
Posterior belly of digastric
Opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed, elevates/retracts hyoid bone, propels bolus and moves hyolaryngeal complex
-facial (CN 7)
Stylohyoid
Draws the hyoid bone backwards, helps elevate the hyoid, and this combined action aids to elevate the tongue
-facial (CN 7)
Geniohyoid
Protracts and elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the tongue
-hypoglossal (CN 12)
Palatoglossus
Elevates dorsum of tongue (to close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx) and draws the soft palate inferiorly.
Lowers soft palate during nasal breathing.
-Vagus (CN 10)
Palatopharyngeus
Tenses soft palate and pulls pharyngeal walls superiorly, anteriorly and medially during swallowing. Shortens the pharynx with the stylopharyngeus muscle during swallowing. Closes off nasopharynx from the oropharynx. Pulls the pharynx upward over the bolus of food and prevents it from passing into nasopharynx.
- *Also involved with the muscles of the soft palate group and the muscles of the pharynx
- pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)
Cricopharyngeus
One of the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved in sphincteric and peristaltic action during swallowing; acts as a sphincter at the junction of the laryngopharynx and esophagus. Helps to prevent reflux.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeus, accessory)
