Svt C5 Flashcards
What is the result of meiosis?
Four haploid cells from one diploid cell
Meiosis involves two cellular divisions that reduce the chromosome number.
What are the two main phases of meiosis?
Reductional and equational phases
The first division is reductional, and the second is equational.
What does the term ‘homozygous’ mean?
Presence of two identical alleles on homologous chromosomes
Homozygosity refers to having the same allele at a given gene locus.
What does the term ‘heterozygous’ mean?
Presence of two different alleles on homologous chromosomes
Heterozygosity indicates genetic variation at a specific locus.
What is the significance of Gregor Mendel’s work?
Established the laws of inheritance
Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led to foundational principles of genetics.
What is the dominant allele notation?
A capital letter
Dominant alleles are typically represented by uppercase letters.
What is the recessive allele notation?
A lowercase letter
Recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters in genetic notation.
Fill in the blank: The phenotype of heterozygotes in generation F1 allows us to determine the _______.
dominance
Dominance is assessed through the observable traits of heterozygous individuals.
What do the laws of inheritance include?
- Uniformity of hybrids
- Law of purity of gametes
- Dominance and recessivity
Mendel’s laws describe how traits are transmitted across generations.
True or False: Meiosis contributes to genetic diversity.
True
The process of meiosis includes recombination and independent assortment, leading to genetic variation.
What does ‘diploid’ refer to?
State of a cell with pairs of chromosomes (2n)
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What does ‘haploid’ refer to?
State of a cell with single sets of chromosomes (n)
Haploid cells are produced during meiosis and contain one copy of each chromosome.
What is meant by ‘allelic segregation’?
Separation of alleles during gamete formation
This process ensures that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘genotype’ refers to the _______ of an organism.
genetic constitution
Genotype represents the specific alleles present in an individual.
What is the role of fertilization in genetics?
Combines two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote
Fertilization restores the diploid state and contributes to genetic variation.
What is the ‘law of purity of gametes’?
Each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
This law states that alleles segregate during gamete formation.
Fill in the blank: The phenotype is always expressed in terms of _______.
observable traits
Phenotype refers to the physical expression of genetic traits.
What is ‘brassage allélique’?
Genetic recombination during meiosis
This process increases genetic diversity among offspring.
True or False: The phenotype of an organism is influenced only by dominant alleles.
False
Both dominant and recessive alleles can influence the phenotype, depending on the genotype.
