Sutras T1-T2

Question 1

Ojas: The Essence of Dhātus

Answer 1

Ojastu tejomaya dhātunāṃ śukrāntānāṃ para smṛtan,

Hridayasthamāpi vyāpi dehāsthitinibandhanam

Ojas is the lustrous essence o fall dhātus all the way to śukra. Lives in the heart, and spreads all over the body.

Question 2

Etiology of Ojo Kśya

Answer 2

Ojaḥ kṣiyeta kopa kṣud dhyāna śoka śramādibhiḥ.

Ojas is depleted by anger, irritation, hunger, worry, grief, and exertion.

Question 3

Symptomatology of Ojo Kśay

Answer 3

Bibheti durbalo’bhīkṣnaṃ dhyāyati vyathitendriyaḥ,

Duśchāyo durmanā rūkṣaḥ kṣāmaś caivaujasaḥ kṣaye

Diminished ojas gives person fear, weakness, worry, disorders of sense organs, loss of luster, rough guṇa, loss of mental ability, emaciated.

Question 4

Functions of Tejas

Answer 4

Tejaso budddhir medha hāmkātaśca varṇaprabhā prakāśayati

Tejo dhātuḥ sarva dhātūnāṃ dhāranaṃ poṣanaṃ eva ca

Tejas maintains intellect, cellular intelligence, self-esteem, gives color to complexion, present in all dhātus.

Question 5

Description of Prāṇa

Answer 5

Prāṇo bhagavān hi māteśvaraś ca kartā jivitaṃ sarva ceṣṭitānām,

Indriya śvāsa spandanānāṃ teṣāṃ vyāpārā eva prāṇenotpadyante

Prāṇa the lord, mother, God, rulers, creator of life and all activites. Function of senses, respiration, pulsation.

Question 6

Functions of Prāṇa

Answer 6

Prāṇo’Tra mūrdhagḥ

Uraḥ kaṇtha caro buddhi hṛdayendriya citta Dhṛk

Ṣṭivana kṣavathūdgārā niśvasānna praveśa Kṛt

Prāṇa is present in the head and moves down to the throat and heart. Responsible for holding heart, mind and sensory functions together. Governs sneezing, spitting, burping, inhalation, swallowing.

Question 7

Guidelines to Obtain Happiness

Answer 7

Āhārācāra ceṣṭāsu sukhārta pretya ceha ca

Paraṃ prayatnam ātiṣṭhed buddhimān hita sevane

The wise, who desire happiness here in this world and in the next world, should make the greatest efforts in practicing wholesomeness in diet, conduct, and action.

Question 8

The Purpose of Long Life & Āyurveda

Answer 8

Āyuḥ kāmayamānena dharmārtha sukha sādhanam

Āyurvedopadeśeṣu vidheyaḥ paramādaraḥ

Long/healthy life is needed to achieve dharma, artha, sukha, pay attention to Āyurvedic teachings.

Question 9

The Three Universal Guṇas

Answer 9

Sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti saṃbhavāḥ

Nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinam avyayam

The qualities are born of material nature: sattva, rajas, and tamas, bind Ātman in the body, O’Arjuna

Question 10

Sattvo Guṇa

Answer 10

Tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakaṃ anāmayam

Sukha saṅgena badhnāti jñāna saṅgena cānagha

Of these, sattva being illuminating and free from impurity and disease, binds through attachment to virtue and knowledge, Arjuna

Question 11

Rajo Guṇa

Answer 11

Rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi ṭṛṣṇā saṅga samudbhavam

Tan nibahnāti kaunteya karma saṅgena dehinam

O’Arjuna,

know that rajas is characterized by passion, arising from desire and attachment. It binds the embodied one (Ātman) by attachment to action.

Question 12

Tamo Guṇa

Answer 12

Tamas tvajñanajaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarvadehinām

Pramādālasya nidrābhis tanni badhnāti bhārata

Know, O’ Arjuna, that tamas is born if ignorance, confusing all embodied beings. Through distraction, sleep, and laziness, it binds.

Question 13

The Seer Beyond Guṇa

Answer 13

Guṇānetān atīya trīn dehī deha samudbhavān

Janma mṛtyu jarā duḥkhair vimukto’ mṛtam aśnute

The embodied one (Ātman), transcending these three guṇas, which originate in the body, freed from birth, death, old age, and pain, attains immortality.

Question 14

General Causes of Increased and Decreased in Doṣas, Tissues, and Wastes

Answer 14

Vṛddhiḥ samānaiḥ sarveṣāṃ vipari tair viparyayaḥ

Increased of all of them is caused by the use of similar substances and the opposite decreases them by the use of dissimilar substances.

Question 15

Normal Functions of Malas

Answer 15

Avaṣṭaṃbhaḥ purīṣasya mūtrasya kledavāhanam

Svedasya kleda vidhṛitiḥ

To give strength to the body is the function of feces. Elimination of kleda (water) is of urine and retention of moisture in the function of sweat.

Question 16

The Conditions of Dhātus, Agni, and Jāṭharāgni

Answer 16

Svasthāna sthasya kāyāgnair amśā dhatūṣu saṃśritāḥ

Teṣāṃ sādāti dīptibhyāṃ dhātu vṛddhi kṣayodbhavaḥ

Jātharāgni gives agni to all other dḥatus, the increase or decrease of agni gives rise to increase or decrease of the dhātus.

Question 17

Doṣic Imbalances Create Cravings

Answer 17

Kurvaṃte hi rucchiṃ doṣaḥ viparīta samāmayoḥ

Vṛddhā kṣīṇāśca bhūthiśṭā lakṣayantyabudhātuna

Doṣas which have undergone increase or decrease generally produce desire for foods which are dissimilar and similar respectively; but the unintelligent person will not recognize them.

Question 18

Definition Of Substance

Answer 18

Yatrāśritāḥ karma guṇaḥ kāraṇaṃ samvāyi yat

Tad dravaṃ samavāyī tu niśceṣṭaḥ kāraṇaṃ guṇaḥ

Substance has action (karma) and properties (guṇa) inherited, and guṇa is cause without action.

Question 19

Classification of Guṇa and Karma

Answer 19

Sārthā gurvādayo buddhiḥ prayatnāntāḥ parādayah,

Guṇāḥ proktāḥ prayatnādi karma ceṣṭitam ucyate

The objects of the sense organs (Tanmatra), the 20 gunas, and their karmas.

Question 20

Movement of Doṣa from Koṣta to Śakhā

Answer 20

Vyāyāmād uṣmaṇaś taikṣṇyā tahitācaraṇādapi

Koṣṭā chākhāsthi marmāṇi dru tatvān mārutasya ca

Exercise, hot-sharp gunas, unsuitable lifestyle, rapid movement of vāta doṣa, doṣa will move from its home via GI tract in to rasa and rakta dhātu (bhāya mārga), asthi and marmani via (madhyam mārga).

Question 21

To Bring the Doṣas Back to Koṣṭa

Answer 21

Doṣa yānti tathā tebhyaḥ sroto mukha viśodhanāt

Vṛddhya’bhiṣyandanāt pākāt koṣṭaṃ vāyośca nigrahāṭ

Doṣa is brought back to koṣṭa by cleansing the opening of srotamsi, by increasing the doṣa in quantity and, by liquifying and burning āma, and also by mitigation of vāta doṣa.

Question 22

Causes of Prāṇa Vaha Srota Duṣṭi

Answer 22

Kṣayāt saṃdhāraṇāt raukṣyāt vyāyāmāt kṣudhitasya ca,

prāṇavāhīni duṣyanti srotāṃsyanyaiś ca dāruṇaiḥ

The cahnnels of prāṇa get disturbed by emaciation, suppresing urges, dryness, rigidity, and exercising while hungry.

Question 23

Causes of Anna Vaha Srota Duṣti

Answer 23

Atimātrasya cākāle cāhitasya ca bhojanāt,

Annavāhīni duṣyanti vaiguṇyāt pāvakasya ca.

The channels of food get vitiated by eating excessive amounts of food, eating at the wrong time, eating unwholesome foods, and impaired digestion.

Question 24

Causes of Ambu Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 24

Auṣṇyāt āmāt bhayāt pānāt atuśuṣkānna sevanāt,

Ambuvāhīni duṣyanti ṭṛṣṇāyāś cāti pīḍanāt.

The water channel gets vitiated by expusure to heat, āma, drinking alcohol, dry food, and suppressing thirst.

Question 25

Causes of Rasa Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 25

Guru śītam atisnigdham atimātraṃ samaśnatām,

Rasavāhīni duṣyanti cintyānāṃ cāti cintanāt.

The lymph/plasma channels get vititated by eating large amounts of heavy, cold, oily foods and too much worrying.

Question 26

Causes of Rakta Vaha Srota Duṣti

Answer 26

Vidāhīnyanna pānāni snigdhoṣṇāni drāvani ca,

Raktavāhīni duṣyanti bhajatāṃ cātapānalau.

The Channels of the blood are disturbed by food and drinks athat are burning/irritating, oily, hot, and liquid and from expusure to heat-fire-sun.

Question 27

Casuses of Māṃsa Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 27

Abhiṣyandīni bhojyāni sthūlāni ca gurūṇi ca,

māṃsavāhīni duṣyanti bhuktvā ca svapatāṃ divā.

The muscles channels get disturbed by eating hydrophillic, gross, and heavy foods, and sleeping after eating, and day slepping.

Question 28

Causes of Medo Vaho Sroto Duṣti

Answer 28

Avyāyāmāhivā svapnān dedyānāṃ cāti bhakṣāṇāt,

Medovāhīni duṣyanti vāruṇyaś cāti sevanāt.

The Fat channels get disturbed by inability to change and lack of exercise, sleeping in the day time, eating very fatty foods, and excess wine drinking.

Question 29

Causes of Asthi Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 29

Vyāyāmāt atisaṃkṣobhāt asthnām ativighaṭṭanāt,

Asthivāhīni duṣyanti vātalānāṃ ca sevanāt.

The Bone channels get disturbed by agitating exercise, friction of bones, and from constant use of vāta aggravating factors.

Question 30

Causes of Majjā Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 30

Utpeṣāt atyabhiṣyandāt abhigātāt prapīḍanāt,

majjavāhīni duṣyanti viruddhānāṃ ca sevanāt.

The bone marrow channel gets disturbed by crushing, excess liqufication, injury, comapression, and intake of incompatible foods.

Question 31

Causes of Śukra Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 31

Akāla yoni gamanāt nighrahāt atimaithunāt,

Śukravāhīni duṣyanti śastra kṣarāgnibhis tathā.

The male reproductive channels gets disturbed by sex at the wrong time, suppresion of sex energy, excessive sex, surgery, application of alkalies, or heat and cauterization.

Question 32

Causes of Arthava Vaho Sroto Duṣti

Answer 32

Vyāyāmāt kṣayāc caiva maithunād atisaṃkṣobhāt,

Ārthavavāhīni duṣyanti bhayakrodhamano’bhighātaiḥ

The female reproductive channels get disturbed by too much excersice, decayin degenerative changes, excessive sexual intercourse, and upsetting situations, fear, anger, and psychological or physical trauma.

Question 33

Causes of Sveda Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 33

Vyāyāmāt atisantāpāt śitoṣnākrama sevanāt,

Svedavāhīni duṣyanti krodha śoka bhayais tathā.

The Sweat channels get disturbed by too much exercise, exposure to heat, indulgence in ho and cold things without following the prescribed order, by anger, grief, and fear.

Question 34

Causes of Mūtra Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 34

Mūtritodaka bhakṣya strī sevanān mūtra nigrahāt,

Mūtravahīni duṣyanti kṣīṇasyābhikṣa tasya ca.

The urine channels get disturbed by eating - drinking while having the urge to urinate, also sex while having the urge to urinate, and by genrerally suppressing the urge to urinate specially by those who are wasting.

Question 35

Causes of Purīṣa Vaha Sroto Duṣti

Answer 35

Saṃdhāraṇāt atyaśanāt ajīrṇadhyaśanāt tathā,

Varcivāhīni duṣyanti durbalāgneḥ kṛśasya ca.

The feces channels get disturbed by suppresing the urge to defecate, eating while there’s still undugested food in the stomach, spacially by those with weak agniand are emaciated.

Question 36

Characteristics of Apara Ojas I

Answer 36

Prathamaṃ jāyate hyojaḥ śarire’smiñ charīriṇam,

Sarpir varṇaṃ madhu rasaṃ lāja ganghi prajāyate.

The form in which ojas is first produced in the human body is the color of clarified butter, tastes like honey, and smells like roasted rice.

Question 37

Characteristics of Apara Ojas II

Answer 37

Ojaḥ somātmakaṃ snigdhaṃ śuklaṃ śītaṃ sthiraṃ saram,

Viviktaṃ mṛdu mṛtsnaṃ ca prāṇāyatanaṃ uttamam.

Ojas is the pure essence of kapha. It’s olily, cold, stable, spreading, clear, soft, slimmy, and is the great promoter of prāṇa.

Question 38

Ojas as the Link Between Body and Mind

Answer 38

Niṣpadyante yato bhāvā vividhā dehasaṃsrayāḥ,

Ojas teṣāṃ kāraṇaṃ sarvāḥ bhāvā ojo bhavāḥ.

Ojas is the origing from which all types of substances in the body and mind are created.

Question 39

Description of Para Ojas

Answer 39

Hṛdi tiṣṭhati yac chunddhaṃ īṣat sa pītakam,

Ojaḥ śarīre saṅkhyātaṃ tannāśāt nṛe vinaśyati.

The pure slightly yellow, and red substance which resides in the heart is known as para ojas, if this ojas is destroyed the human will die.

Question 40

Vāta Pacifying Herbs

Answer 40

Bhadradārū nataṃ kuṣtaṃ daśamūlaṃ balādvyayām

Vāyuṃ vīratarādi śca vidaryādiśca nāśayet

The herbs that pacify vāta doṣa are: Bhadradārū, kuṣta, daśamūla, balā, and vidāri.

Question 41

Pitta Pacifying Herbs

Answer 41

Durvānantā nimba vāsātmaguptā gundrābhirū sītapāki priyaṅgu

Nyagrodhādiḥ padmakādiḥ sthīre dve padmaṃ vanyaṃ sārivādiśca pittam

Herbs that pacify pitta: Śatavari, guduci, nim, musta, manjistha, anatamula, sandalwood, vāsa, ātmaguptā, priyangu, āmalaki, kāmadudha, moti bhasma, and mahasudarśan.

Question 42

Kapha Pacifying Help

Answer 42

ĀragvadhādirArkādir Muṣkakādyo’ sanādikaḥ

Surasādiḥ mustādir Vatsakādir Balāsajit

Herbs that pacify Kapha: Punarnava, citrak, kutki, pippali, ginger, black pepper, triphala guggulu, neem, shilajit, and bibhitaki

Question 43

Excess of the Following Behaviors are Improper

Answer 43

Vyāyāma hāsya bhāṣyādhva grāmyadharma prajāgarān

Nocitānapi seveta buddhimānati mātrayā

Wise person shoulkd avoid the following acts; Excessive exercise, loud laughter, and loud talking, carrying heavy load on the head, and staying up late.

Question 44

Definition Of Exercise

Answer 44

Śarīra ceṣṭā yā ceṣṭā sthairyārthā balavardhinī

Deha vyāyāma saṃkyātā mātrayā tāṃ samācaret

Phyiscal movement which unfolds tone, power, and coordination in the bodily muscles and give rise to strength, power and stability is known as physicap exercise

Question 45

Proper Measure and Seasons of Exercise

Answer 45

Ardha śaktyā niṣevyastu balibhiḥ snigdhabhojibhiḥ

Śitakāle vasante ca mandameva tato’nyadā

Taṃ kṛtvā’ nusukha dehaṃ mardayecca samantataḥ

Strong individuals who eat fatty foods in the cold seasons should perform exercise, while others should exercise in moderation. After exercise the whole body should be well massaged.

Question 46

Disorders Of Over-Exercise

Answer 46

Tṛṣṇā kṣaya pratamako raktapittaṃ śramaḥ klamaḥ

Ativyāyāmataḥ kāso jvaraḥchardiśca ca jāyate

Over-exercising can cause thirst, emaciation, asthma, bleeding disorders, fatigue, debility of the body, cough, fever, and vomiting

Question 47

Benefits Of Oil Massage

Answer 47

Abhyangam ācaret nityaṃ sa jarā śrama vātahā

Dṛśṭi prasāda puṣṭī āyuḥ svapnasutvakta dārḍhya kṛt

Oil masage daily; Benficial to elderly people, to calm vāta doṣa. It will bestow the vision, unfold nourishnment, long life, pleasant sleep, and makes skin healthy and strong.

Question 48

Benefits And Contraindications of Oleation

Answer 48

Śiraḥ śravaṇa pādeṣū tam viśeṣena śilayet

Varjayo’bhyangaḥ kapha grasta kṛta samśuddhya jīrṇibhi

Abhyanga should be done daily mainly on the head, ears, and feet. It should be strictly avoided in individuals suffering from kapha provocation and who have undergone purification like vamana, virechana, and those with indigestion.

Question 49

Benefits Of Ghee, Ghṛtam

Answer 49

Śastaṃ dhī smṛti medhāgni balāyū śukra cakṣuṣām

Bāla vṛddha prajā kānti saukamārya svarārthanām

Ghee is excellent for improving intelligence, memory, wisdom, digestive fire, and energy.

Long life, semen, and eyesight. Good for children, aging, procreation, luster, delicacy of the body, with sweet and melodious voice

Question 50

Healing Properties Of Castor Oil

Answer 50

Satiktoṣanaṃa iraṇdaṃ tailaṃ svādu saraṃ gurū

Vardhma gulmānila kaphān udaram viṣama jvaram

Rūkaśophau ca kaṭī guhya koṣṭa pṛṣṭhāśrayau jayet

Tikṣṇoṣṇaṃ picchilaṃ visraṃ raktairaṇḍod bhava tvati

Castor oil is bitter, pungent, and vipāka is sweet, has a laxative effect, strong odor, produces nausea and is difficult to digest.

HOT, SHARP, and STICKY penetrate the the vascular system, relieving hematomas and hemorroids because of the sharp guna.

BITTER AND PUNGENT; Help in reducing abdominal kapha type swelling like; GI Tract Tumors.

HOT, pacifies vāta doṣa, abdominal distention due to gas. Used in various pelvoc disorders such as; scrotal, uteral, rectal swelling, and hernia

Question 51

Therapeutic Value Of Mustard Oil

Answer 51

Katūṣṇaṃ sārśapaṃ tīkṣṇaṃ kapha śukra anilāpaham

Laghu pittāsrakṛṭ koṭha kuṣṭhārśo vraṇa jantujit

Mustrad oil is pungent, and hot in potency. It is sharp and penetrating; reduces kapha, semen, and vāta doṣa. Mustard oil can kill germs, and parasites.

Light and easy to digest and can cause bleeding disorders, skin rash, eczema, hemorrhages, and ulcers.

Question 52

Benefits Of a Bath

Answer 52

Dīpanaṃ vṛṣyaṃ āyuṣyaṃ jñana urjā bala pradam

Kanḍū mala śrama sveda tandrā tṛt dāha papmajita

Bathing kindles agni, gives vigor, enhances lifespan, knowledge, energy, and strength. Relieves itching, removes impurities, fatigue, sweat, stupor, thirst, and burning sensations, and conquers sin

Question 53

Dos and Don’ts of a Hot Shower

Answer 53

Uṣnāṃ aṃbunām adhaḥ kāmsya parīṣeko balāvaḥ

Tenaiva tat uttamaṃgasya bala hrt keśa cakṣuṣām

Hot shower below the head, lower part of the body bestows energy. The same over the head depletes energy of heart, hair, and eyes.

Question 54

Gokśira-The Glory of Cow’s Milk

Answer 54

Atraṃ gavyam tu jīvanīyaṃ rasāyanam

kṣata kṣīṇa hita medyaṃ balyū stanyakaraṃ saraṃ

Śrama Bhrama mada alakṣimī svasā kāsāti tṛt kṣudhaḥ

Jīrṇa jvaraṃ mūtrakṛcchraṃ ca nāśayet

Cow’s milk promotes long life, its a rejuvenator, heals cavities, emaciation, good for intelligence, produces lactation, breast milk, is a laxative, cures fatigue, dizzines, laziness, lusterlessness, breathlessness, cough, thirst, and hunger. Heals chronic fever, dysuria (Painful urination ), and bleeding disorders

Question 55

Avoidance Of Drinking Water

Answer 55

Nāmbu peyām aśaktyā vā swalpaṃ alpa agni gulmibhiḥ

Pāṇḍu udara atisāra arśo grahaṇī śoṣā śothidhiḥ

Ṛte śarada nidāghābhyāṃ pibet swasthopi cālpaśaḥ

Water intake should be reduces during general conditions like; fatigue, and low agni along with medical conditions such as abdominal tumors. Blood borne disorders such as hemmorrhagic conditions, hemorrhoids and anemia. Digestive disorders like tropical sprue syndrome and chronic diarrhea

Question 56

Importance Of Sleep

Answer 56

Nidrāyattaṃ sukha duḥkhaṃ puṣṭhiḥ kārśyaṃ balābalam

Vṛṣatā klībatā jñāna ajñānaṃ jīvita na ca

Happiness and unhappiness, nourishment and emaciation, energy and fatigue. Sexual rigor and impotence, knowledge and ignorane, even life span and death entirely depends upon sleep

Question 57

Qualities Of Sleep At Different Times

Answer 57

Rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ rūkṣaṃ snigdhaṃ prasvapanaṃ divā

Arūkṣamanabhi ṣyandi tvāsina pracalāyitam

Keepinf awake at night is drying to the whole body. On the other hand, slepping duirng the day time is oily/moisting internally. Taking a nap in a seated comfortable postition is neither drying or oily

Question 58

Qualities of The Physician

Answer 58

Śrute paryavadātatvaṃ bakhśo ḍṛśṭa karmatā

Dākṣyaṃ śaucamitī jñyeyaṃ vaiddhye guṇa catuṣṭayaṃ

The 4 guṇas of an ideal Vidya:

1. Studied-Knowledgeable physician
2. Good Listener
3. Clear understanding
4. Practical skills and cleanliness

Question 59

Wise People Do Not Suppress Natural Urges

Answer 59

Na vegān dhārayed dhimāñ jātān mūtra purīṣayoḥ

Na retaso na vātasya na chardyāḥ kṣavathor na ca

Nodgārasya na jṛmbhāyā na vegān kṣut pipāsayoḥ

Na bāṣpasya na nidrāyā niḥśvāsasya śrameṇa ca

The wise should not suppress the natural urges of unrination, defacation, ejaculation, passing gas, vomiting, sneezing, eructation, yawning, hunger, thirst, crying, sleep, breathing caused by exertion.

Question 60

The Rules Of Rigth Conduct 1

Answer 60

Avṛttir vyādhiḥ śokārttān anuvarteta śaktitaḥ

Ātmavat satataṃ paśyed api kīta pipilikam

To the best of one’s capacity, one shouls always help those who are poor, diseased, afflicted with grief, or helpless. Evan insects and ants should be treated/viewed as one’s own self.