sustaining biodiversity species Flashcards

1
Q

what is local extinction

A

a species is extinct in one area but still lives in the biological community

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2
Q

ecological extinction

A

a few members are left but no longer play a role in the biological community

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3
Q

biological extinction

A

species not found anywhere on the planet

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4
Q

extinction spasm

A

large number of species go extinct in a very short time

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5
Q

mass extinction

A

25%-75% or more

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6
Q

background extinction

A

the natural rate of extinction needed for speciation

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7
Q

characteristics of extinction prone species

A

low reproductive rate (k-species) feeds at high trophic level, rare, fixed migratory pattern, commercially valuable

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8
Q

Species-area relationships estimated extinction

A

90% loss of
habitat results in 50% species loss

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9
Q

Population viability analysis (PVA)

A

Species-specific calculation on how
many years before the population will
become extinct

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10
Q

Minimum viable population (MVP)

A

Minimum number a population can
have and survive in the wild

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11
Q

Minimum dynamic area (MDA)

A

minimum amount of area a species
needs to survive

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12
Q

endangered species

A

So few individuals that
the species could soon become extinct over
all or part of its natural range

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13
Q

threatened species

A

Still abundant but numbers are dropping and
likely to become endangered

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14
Q

Causes of Depletion of Wild Species

A
  • Human population growth
  • Increasing per capita resource use
  • Endangered centers of biodiversity
  • Environmental destruction
  • Spread of opportunistic species
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15
Q

causes of wild species depletion

A
  • Human population growth
  • Increasing per capita resource use
  • Endangered centers of biodiversity
  • Environmental destruction
  • Spread of opportunistic species
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16
Q

importance of wild species

A
  • Rebuilding biodiversity is
    slow
  • Instrumental value
  • Genetic information
  • Eco-tourism
  • Ecological value
  • Intrinsic value
17
Q

intrinsic value

A

they have value because they exist

18
Q

greatest threat to species HIPPCO

A

Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Population (humans) growth
Pollution
Climate
Overharvesting

19
Q

characteristics of successful invader species

A

high reproductive rate, generalist, pioneer species, high dispersal rate

20
Q

characteristics ecosystems vulnerable to invader species

A

early successional systems, low diversity, similar climate to invader, no predators of invader

21
Q

extinction threats

A
  • Hunting and Poaching
  • Predators and Pest
    Control
  • Exotic Pets and
    Decorative Plants
  • Climate Change and
    Pollution
22
Q

bioaccumulation

A

an increase in the concentration of a chemical in the tissue or organs at a higher level than normally expected

23
Q

biomagnification

A

increase in the concentration of slowly degradable, fat-soluble chemicals in organisms successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web

24
Q

instrumental value

A

The value or worth of objects that provide a means to some desirable end, that satisfy some human needs and wants.

25
ecological value
the ability of an area to support vegetation and fish and wildlife populations
26
bequest value
a non-use value representing the importance people place on preserving or maintaining ecosystems for future generations
27
international treaties protecting wild species
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 1975 * Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
28
Lacey Act 1900
prohibits the transport of live or dead wild animals across the state line without a federal permit
29
Endangered Species Act (1973, 82, 85, 88)
identifies and lists endangered and threatened species* Private versus public property rights * Win-win compromises * Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) * Voluntary candidate conservation agreements
30
Protecting Wild Species: The Sanctuary Approach
* Wildlife refuges and protected areas * Gene banks, botanical gardens, and farms * Zoos and Aquariums * U.S. has 542 federal refuges for wildlife; most are suffering from environmental degradation
31
Reconciliation Ecology
* Establishing and maintaining new habitats * Being good neighbors to wildlife * Reward voluntary conservation efforts