sustaining biodiversity species

Question 1

what is local extinction

Answer 1

a species is extinct in one area but still lives in the biological community

Question 2

ecological extinction

Answer 2

a few members are left but no longer play a role in the biological community

Question 3

biological extinction

Answer 3

species not found anywhere on the planet

Question 4

extinction spasm

Answer 4

large number of species go extinct in a very short time

Question 5

mass extinction

Answer 5

25%-75% or more

Question 6

background extinction

Answer 6

the natural rate of extinction needed for speciation

Question 7

characteristics of extinction prone species

Answer 7

low reproductive rate (k-species) feeds at high trophic level, rare, fixed migratory pattern, commercially valuable

Question 8

Species-area relationships estimated extinction

Answer 8

90% loss of
habitat results in 50% species loss

Question 9

Population viability analysis (PVA)

Answer 9

Species-specific calculation on how
many years before the population will
become extinct

Question 10

Minimum viable population (MVP)

Answer 10

Minimum number a population can
have and survive in the wild

Question 11

Minimum dynamic area (MDA)

Answer 11

minimum amount of area a species
needs to survive

Question 12

endangered species

Answer 12

So few individuals that
the species could soon become extinct over
all or part of its natural range

Question 13

threatened species

Answer 13

Still abundant but numbers are dropping and
likely to become endangered

Question 14

Causes of Depletion of Wild Species

Answer 14

• Human population growth
• Increasing per capita resource use
• Endangered centers of biodiversity
• Environmental destruction
• Spread of opportunistic species

Question 15

causes of wild species depletion

Answer 15

• Human population growth
• Increasing per capita resource use
• Endangered centers of biodiversity
• Environmental destruction
• Spread of opportunistic species

Question 16

importance of wild species

Answer 16

• Rebuilding biodiversity is
  slow
• Instrumental value
• Genetic information
• Eco-tourism
• Ecological value
• Intrinsic value

Question 17

intrinsic value

Answer 17

they have value because they exist

Question 18

greatest threat to species HIPPCO

Answer 18

Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Population (humans) growth
Pollution
Climate
Overharvesting

Question 19

characteristics of successful invader species

Answer 19

high reproductive rate, generalist, pioneer species, high dispersal rate

Question 20

characteristics ecosystems vulnerable to invader species

Answer 20

early successional systems, low diversity, similar climate to invader, no predators of invader

Question 21

extinction threats

Answer 21

• Hunting and Poaching
• Predators and Pest
  Control
• Exotic Pets and
  Decorative Plants
• Climate Change and
  Pollution

Question 22

bioaccumulation

Answer 22

an increase in the concentration of a chemical in the tissue or organs at a higher level than normally expected

Question 23

biomagnification

Answer 23

increase in the concentration of slowly degradable, fat-soluble chemicals in organisms successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web

Question 24

instrumental value

Answer 24

The value or worth of objects that provide a means to some desirable end, that satisfy some human needs and wants.

Question 25

ecological value

Answer 25

the ability of an area to support vegetation and fish and wildlife populations

Question 26

bequest value

Answer 26

a non-use value representing the importance people place on preserving or maintaining ecosystems for future generations

Question 27

international treaties protecting wild species

Answer 27

Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES) 1975
* Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD)

Question 28

Lacey Act 1900

Answer 28

prohibits the transport of live or dead wild animals across the state line without a federal permit

Question 29

Endangered Species Act (1973, 82, 85, 88)

Answer 29

identifies and lists endangered and threatened species* Private versus public property rights
* Win-win compromises
* Habitat conservation plans (HCPs)
* Voluntary candidate conservation agreements

Question 30

Protecting Wild Species: The
Sanctuary Approach

Answer 30

• Wildlife refuges and protected
  areas
• Gene banks, botanical gardens,
  and farms
• Zoos and Aquariums
• U.S. has 542 federal refuges for
  wildlife; most are suffering from
  environmental degradation

Question 31

Reconciliation Ecology

Answer 31

• Establishing and maintaining
  new habitats
• Being good neighbors to
  wildlife
• Reward voluntary conservation
  efforts