Sustainablity In Urban Areas Flashcards
Define sustainability
People living now without reducing the ability for people to live in the future
How can a city become sustainable through waste management?
Producing less waste or changing how waste is deposited
Describe landfill
When rubbish is buried in quarries
What are the advantages of of landfill?
Cheap and new landfills can be lined with impermeable materials
What are the disadvantages of landfills?
Pollute ground water and releases lots of greenhouse gasses
What is a case study example of landfill?
Manila, Philippines - 10,000 families live next to the landfill
Describe composting as a strategy to waste management
In the uk 38% of household waste is biodegradable
What are the advantages to composting?
Reduced the cost to local authority and produces a rich fertiliser
What are the disadvantages of composting?
Waste must be stored properly , if it is contaminated then it cannot be sold for agricultural uses
Describe recycling
When waste materials are made into new products or materials
What are the advantages of recycling?
Cheap and uses less energy than making new products
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
Costs money up front to set up collection/plants and some cannot be bothered
What is the case study for recycling in urban areas?
Windsor - 70% signed up and recycling increased by 35%
Describe the reuse and reduce strategy
Individuals register with mail preference service to reduce junk mail
What are the advantages of reduce sand reuse?
Plastic bottles are easily reused
What are the disadvantages of the reduce and reuse scheme?
Only some produces can be successfully reused
What is a case study example of the reduce and reuse scheme?
Germany - drinks companies give money back when a refillable cup in used
Describe the energy recovery scheme
Waste that cannot be composited, reused or recycled is burnt into heat / electricity
What are the advantages of the energy recovery scheme?
Provides heat for many houses
What are the disadvantages of the energy recovery scheme?
Not sustainable as it produced co2
What main problems are associated with driving?
- reduces QOL
- longer journey times
- increased stress
- further emissions
What three things does public transport need to be?
Reliable, cheap and easy
What is the most transport-wise country in Europe?
Freiburg, Germany
In 2000-2008, what percent of Germans walked/cycled/PT for their journeys?
40%
How did Freiburg, Germany achieve sustainability?
- integrated transport system
- unified ticket system
- buses have priority at the lights
- city centre is pedestrianised
How did car journeys decrease in Freiburg between 1982-2007?
Decreased by 6%
In Freiburg, what percent of fares paid for the overall transport system?
90%
What do road schemes aim to do?
Encourage other forms of transport from cars
What’s an example of a successful road scheme?
Cleritiba, Brazil
Each road widened for bus lanes
What does traffic management aim to do?
Changes the route traffic can take, by passes are often built to avoid the city centre
What are integrated transport systems aimed to do?
Coordinate different types of PT to avoid waiting times
What are park and ride schemes?
Park on towns outskirts (R/U fringe) avoiding the cost of city centre parking charges, but may cause conflict and doesn’t actually reduce the number of cars
Where are low carbon vehicles used and how do they work?
Singapore - powered by hydrogen and only emit water
What is the Cambridge guided busway?
Disused train line, tracks changed based on a ladder concept (decrease surface run off)
How much did the Cambridge guided busway cost?
£180 million (but still 1/5 of a similar rail project)
How have the Lake District aimed to create sustainable transport?
- bike friendly busses
- electric bike hire points
- core hire promoted instead of driving to the lakes
What did Rio De Janerio do to create a sustainable transport system?
Cable car system designed for city dwellers, costing £63 million
