Sustainable management Flashcards
Importance of mangroves:
- Generate oxygen (evergreen)
- Contribute to carbon storage (60kg-80kg)
- Provide habitat for diverse animal life
- Warm climate, abundance in water, food
sources
- Warm climate, abundance in water, food
- Provide protection against soil erosion
- Provide protection again coastal erosion
Protection against soil erosion:
Initially:
- Raindrops, force, detached
- Infiltration and percolation, surface runoff
- Loosened easily washed away, severe S.E.
After:
- Leaves, branches, stem, slow down
- Hit with less force
- Infiltration and percolation, reduce
- Roots bind soil, harder to erode
- Overall minimised S.E.
Protection against coastal erosion:
Initially:
- Loose sediments, waves, currents, tides
- Strong waves, energy, coast
- Hit coast with force, significant C.E.
After:
- Dense root system, trap, stabalise
- Less likely washed away by —,—,—
- Roots, trunks, branches, friction, wave
- Lose significant energy, reduced C.E.
Use of tropical rainforest:
- Place of habitation (food, water, shelter, clothing)
- Place of recreation
- Source of food (hunting and gathering, aquaculture)
- Source of raw material (Teak, Rosewood, mahogany, ebony) (strenght, durability, colour)
Consequences of extracting resources:
- Non-renewable
-Deforestation: permanent removal of T.R. , loss of biodiversity (1000 years) - Enhanced greenhouse effect: (certain gases traps heat)
What are greenhouse gases?
Gases that keep Earth’s surface warm at an average temperature of 15 degrees.
(Wihtout them, earth’s surface would be -18 degrees!)
Deforestation:
- Responsible for 20% of carbon dioxide added
- burning and cutting down of plants (carbon stored to be released)
- Fewer plants absorb the increased amount of CO2
Greenhouse effect:
Natural:
- Sunlight passes through atmosphere and reaches Earth’s surface
- Surface absorbs light energy and warms up, releasing heat
- Not all heat escapes into outer space. Some is trapped as G.G,
Enhanced:
- Greater amounts, trap more heat released by Earth’s surface
- Less heat escapes into outer space
- Temperature of Earht’s surface increases
How can they be managed sustainably?
- Establish protected areas
- Implement laws (Parks and Trees Acts)
- Regulate forestry activities
- High economic value, provide jobs, earninig of money for overseas sale
- Rehabilitate disturbed areas
- Promote public education
- Important strategy in attempting to reduce deforestation and encourage sustainable extraction of resources
Regulate forestry activities:
Malaysia:
- only older trees/ particular species that are economically valuable
- Overall damage reduced (untouched)
- Recover quickly (more space and light to regrow)
- Selectively logged, time to regrow, relogged
Colombia:
- Small patches of forest
- All trees and plants cleared
- Patch is small enough to allow vegetation to regrow quickly from untouched surrounding
- Regenerate sufficiently are logged
