sustainable development Flashcards
technocratic transformation
finding the right combination of technologies to meet rising demands in greener ways (e.g. wind power or innovation to reduce ozone hole)
marketised transformation
pricing, creating markets and property rights regimes that allow for ‘green accumulation’ (e.g carbon emissions trading)
state-led transformation
re-embedding markets in stronger frameworks of state control (e.g tax breaks for renewable energy industries or Kyoto Protocol)
citizen-led transformation
bottom-up led green transformations (e.g youth strikes or greenbelt)
limits to growth
(1972) - a book that suggested we would soon reach the Earth’s carrying capacity, and launching the term sustainable development into the modern sustainability discourse
Greenbelt movement
(1977) - indigenous, grass roots, non-governmental organisation in Kenya. Focus on environmental conservation, community development and capacity building
carbon emissions trading
(2005) - countries that go over their quota on CO2 emissions can buy carbon credit from countries which do not meet their quotas, doesn’t really encourage reductions if they can just buy it
kyoto protocol
(2005) setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries. principle of common but different responsibilities. 192 parties
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- A universal set of 17 goals, targets and indicators to be reached by 2030 built on millennium development goals
goal 1
no poverty
goal 4
quality education
goal 9
innovation, industrialisation and infrastructure
goal 15
life on land
goal 13
climate action
critiques of SDGs
- The notion of inclusive and sustained economic growth is a paradox and oxymoronic
- economic growth requires industrialisation, competition for increasingly scarce resources and increasing social inequality
- non human species excluded - anthropocentric bias
- we are reaching ecological limits to economic growth
- sdgs contradict one another
- some are synergistic and others require trade-offs
Redcliff (2005)
“Justice will also be subordinate to sustainability or sustainability will be subordinate to justice”
Redclift (2017)
roots in forestry and fisheries
World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)
“sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
UN Definition of SD
- to make the world a better place for everyone, without destroying possibilities for the next generations
- social progress, economic development and climate + environment
Lele (1991)
“the phrase sustainable development has become pervasive”
International institute for development
- 1972 - Limits to growth
- 1992 - Earth summit
- 2005 - Kyoto Protocol
- 2012 - Rio 20+
SDG’s for the capitalist order
- sustained economic growth
- adapting policies that increase productive capacities and productive employment
- tyranny of poverty
- global partnerships - failure to recognise different starting points
- structural transformation to promote productivity in LEDCs
- sovereignty over wealth, resources and economic activity
- economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature
SDGs against capitalist order
- inclusive
- global solidarity?
- humanity lives in harmony with nature
- heal our planet
- economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature
