Sustainability (populations and sustainability) Flashcards
A sustainable resource is a ___________ resource that’s being economically exploited in such a way that it won’t _______ ______.
-Renewable
-Run out
Aims of sustainability? (5)
- Preserve the environment
- Ensure resources are available for future generations
-Allow humans to live comfortably
-Enable less economically developed countries to develop by exploiting their natural resources
- Create balance in the consumption of resources between economically develop countries and lesser develop ones
How does small scale timber production work?
-Coppicing =
- Trunk is cut low to the ground
-New shoots form and mature
-Shoots are cut again and more are produced
How does rotational coppicing work?
- Woodland divided into sections
- Trees only cut in one section until all have been coppiced
- Coppicing then begins in another area
- Process continues until you reach the trees that were first coppiced
–> Ensures that only small areas of the woodland will be lacking in mature growth at one time
What is pollarding?
- similar to coppicing, but…
-Trunk is cut higher up so deer and other animals (herbivores) can’t eat the new shoots
How does large-scale timber production?
- Uses technique of felling large areas of forest
- Felled trees are destroyed and won’t regrow
–> The destruction of multiple trees for large-scale timber production
For large-scale timber production, how do companies make sure it’s sustainable?
- Selective cutting
- Replace trees through replantation
-Plant trees far apart to reduce competition
-Manage pests and pathogens
-Make sure forest areas remain for indigenous people
Disadvantages of large scale timber production?
- Habitats destroyed
- soil minerals reduced
-bare soil left which could erode
Sustainable fishing means:
-Enough fish are left in the ocean
-Protecting habitats and marine food webs that fish rely on
-Human communities that catch and process fish can maintain their livelihoods
Governmental regulations can be enforced by=
-Establishing fishing quotas (limits number of fish allowed to be captured in certain areas)
-Establishing areas of the ocean where fishing is banned
-Regulating mesh size of nets
What’s fish farming?
-large numbers of fish are raised in seawater or freshwater artificial enclosures or tanks
- Maintains supply of protein
-Prevents loss of wild species
Advantages of coppicing
- New stems grow more rapidly than saplings
- Longer life span
- Maintains soil quality
-Provides variety of habitats
-Few large trees means more light for smaller plants
-Prevents succession
MASAI MARA- key points
- Savannah ecosystem
-Raise livestock on the land (this can damage grassland due to overgrazing- not enough left for wild species)
-Employ local people to monitor lions
-Employ local people to work on conservation and biodiversity schemes
TERAI REGION OF NEPAL- key points
- Grassland and forest
-Agriculture–> can lead to clearing of forest for grazing and crops or for housing development
-Local people dependent on the forest–> medicine, food, fuel
-Conservation charities have worked with the community–> wildlife corridors that allow animals to safely pass from one nature reserve to the next, and community groups come together to protect against poachers
PEAT BOGS- key points
-Areas of waterlogged land–> made from partially decomposed plant waste which becomes peat
-conditions too acidic for decomposers to work
- Special plant species like spaghnum moss
- Birds can nest on open land–> birds of prey hunt in wide open spaces
-Uses of peat bogs: burnt as fuel, drained to provide land for growing crops
- Peat acts as a carbon sink
