Sustainability and future development

Question 1

Define developed nations in terms of waste management

Answer 1

Nations consuming resources much faster then they can regenerate due to their large economies and demand for materials.

Question 2

Define developing nations in terms of waste management

Answer 2

Nations that face rapid population growth.
Desperately require improved living standards and healthcare.
Huge demand for resources and energy.
At risk due to low levels of fresh food and clean water.

Question 3

Recall 2 conflicts that were caused due to the increased demand for resources that have occurred in the past 20 years.

Answer 3

Libya 2011 and Iraq 2003

Question 4

what occurred in Libya during 2011

Answer 4

Libya was bombed by the USA, UK and France as part of NATO sanctions, and has been sent into a civil war ever since. Libya just so happens to be within the top 10 oil producers in the world.

Question 5

what occurred in Iraq during 2003

Answer 5

The US and UK accused Saddam Hussein of holding weapons of mass destruction. this was found to be untrue however the US and UK secured the oil fields before the invasion of Iraq

Question 6

what current conflict could occur due to resources within the north pole and who is involved.

Answer 6

Russia, USA, Canada, Denmark and Norway are likely to come to conflict over the recent discovery of valuable resources (oil, gas and minerals) that have been exposed due to the melting ice within the north pole.

Question 7

What is the estimated current world population?

Answer 7

7 - 7.5 billion

Question 8

what is the estimated worlds population for the year 2050?

Answer 8

9.2 billion

Question 9

what does the UNFPH stand for

Answer 9

The united nations population fund

Question 10

What is the aim of the UNFPA

Answer 10

They wish to “deliver a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe and every persosn potential is fulfilled”.

Question 11

As of 1980, what percentage of the population of africa, south america and asia consisted of people under the age of 24.

Answer 11

30%

Question 12

define affluent

Answer 12

wealthy

Question 13

what occurs when a nation is affluent

Answer 13

demand for energy increases
large focus on education
adequate health services
infrastructure is established (economy, roads, housing, etc.)
population stabilising

Question 14

what four aspects create a sustainable society

Answer 14

1. stable or reducing population
2. very high levels of reuse and recycling
3. 100% renewable energy
4. no net loss of soil or biodiversity

Question 15

according to the world wildlife fund/ global footprint network “living planet report”, what is the average worlds consumption of energy and resources equivalent to?

Answer 15

The world is consuming the equivalent of 1.5 earths

Question 16

What is the value for the UKs worlds energy and resource consumption equivalent to?

Answer 16

4 earths

Question 17

What is the value for the USA worlds energy and resource consumption equivalent to?

Answer 17

9 earths

Question 18

By the year 2100 the worlds population is estimated to stabilise around 9 billion. What are 2 possible reasons why and how this could occur?

Answer 18

option 1: happen sooner = fewer births, due to either the empowerment of women or government controlled family sizes (china 1979 - 2015).
option 2: happen later = rapid deaths caused by war, disease, shortage of fresh food and water and large scale resource depletion.

Question 19

State and describe the IPAT equation.

Answer 19

I = P x A x T

I = Environmental Impact
P = Population: how many people are consuming resources and creating waste.
A = Affluence: The average amount of good services we each use.
T = Technology: how efficiently/harmful we produce these goods and services.

Question 20

Name the ecologist accredited with the creation of the IPAT equation

Answer 20

Paul ehrlich

Question 21

Discuss the link between a nations Ecological Footprint and its Carbon Footprint.

Answer 21

A carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by a person, group or nation, this being mainly as a result of the combustion of carbon based fuels to meet their energy needs.

The ecological footprint on the other hand considers the broader environmental impact of all the population of a nation by quantifying the amount of land that is required to support all the activities of that nation……..

Including food production, waste disposal etc, as well as energy production.

Therefore the carbon footprint measures just one of the many environmental impacts that are included within the calculation of the ecological footprint.

Question 22

Define and explain the concept and measurement of an ecological footprint.

Answer 22

An ecological footprint is based on consumption over a specific year

Expressed as the amount of land and sea (bio-productive area) required to support the use of natural resources

A means of comparing usage of natural resources and lifestyles, and checking this against natures ability to provide for this

Question 23

What are ecological footprints measured in?

Answer 23

hectares (Ha) = 100m x 100m

Question 24

identify 6 aspects that will affect your ecological footprint

Answer 24

Diet
Clothing
Furnishings
Packaging 
Size of your home and running it
Travel

Question 25

identify the 5 factors that nations who calculate their ecological footprint are available to

Answer 25

1. Assess the value of their country’s ecological costs.
2. Monitor and manage their risks
3. Identify the risks associated with ecological deficits
4. Set policy that is informed by ecological reality ans make safeguarding resources a top priority.

Question 26

Define carbon footprint

Answer 26

A carbon footprint is the amount if greenhouse gases emitted by a particular entity, individual, organisation or natio; most commonly measured in tons for each ton of carbon dioxide emitted.

Question 27

Identify the 10 principles of one planet living and give a brief description of each

Answer 27

1. Zero Carbon = Making buildings more energy efficient and delivering all energy with renewable technologies.
2. Zero waste = Reducing waste, reusing where possible, and ultimately sending zero waste to landfill.
3. Sustainable transport = Encouraging low carbon modes of transport to reduce emissions, reducing the need to travel.
4. Sustainable materials = Using sustainable healthy products, with low embodied energy, sourced locally, made from renewable or waste resources.
5. Local and sustainable food = Choosing low impact, local, seasonal and organic diets and reducing food waste.
6. Sustainable water = Using water more efficiently in buildings and in the products we buy; tackling local flooding and water course pollution.
7. Land use and wildlife = Protecting and restoring biodiversity and natural habitats through appropriate land use and integration into the built environment.
8. Culture and community = Reviving identity and wisdom; supporting and participating in the arts.
9. Equity and local economy = Creating bio-regional economies that support fair employment, inclusive communities and international fair trade.
10. Health and happiness = Encouraging active, sociable, meaningful lives to promote good health and well being.

Question 28

Define “One Planet Living”

Answer 28

Studies show that each person is entitled to 1.84 hectares, but the table above shows that those living in developed nations use considerably more than they are entitled to, while those in the less developed countries exist on much less.

The concept of One Planet Living requires that everyone live within the 1.84 hectares that they are entitled to.

Question 29

The global ecological footprint for each person can be calculated as 1.84 hectares.
Explain this calculation in relation to those living in the developed world.

Answer 29

People living in highly developed western countries have a much larger footprint and are effectively taking up more than their fair share of the earth’s resources.

To make the ecological footprint more ‘equal’ actions need to be taken within the developed world to reduce individual impact and support given to the developing world to develop in a more sustainable fashion.

These actions could include;
 Reduction in individual transport, or
 Less flying on aircraft, or
 Producing less waste, or
 Increasing home efficiency,