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PPD > Sustainability > Flashcards

Sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

Indirect Gain

A

Obtaining suns energy though a non direct source such as the rooms temperature or reflected sunlight.

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2
Q

Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)

A

Electronically powered heating/cooling system that extracts heat or cools using stable temperature of earth.

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3
Q

Crystalline

A

Most used PV cell

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4
Q

Polychrystalline

A

less effective and cheaper PV cell

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5
Q

Thin-film Cell

A

PV material that can be inserted into other materials for building integrated PV Cells

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6
Q

Array

A

Row of PV Cells

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7
Q

External-Load Dominated Building or Skin-Load Dominated Building

A

Most of heat load comes from outside of building - few occupants or equipment inside

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8
Q

Internal-Load dominated building

A

Energy use determined by loads of occupants or equipment

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9
Q

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

A

Ozone depleting compound sometime used in insulation MFR process that will be phased out in 2030 similar to CFC.

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10
Q

Super Insulation

A

Over insulated building with electrical outlets avoided on exterior walls or behind insulation and thicker than normal exterior walls - 2x6 instead of 2x4 framing members

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11
Q

Transparent Insultation

A

Thick layer of poly carbonate honeycomb material, acrylic or fiberglass between layers of glazing. It admits light but provides insulation and blocks view

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12
Q

Infiltration

A

Air gets into building - can bring in pollutants and vapor

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13
Q

Exfiltration

A

Air Exits building through in this natural process instead of exhausted mechanically

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14
Q

Vapor-impermeable barrier

A

Both a vapor retarded and air barrier

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15
Q

Vaper Permeable Barrier

A

A Thin sheet of spun bound polyole-film (house wrap) polyethylene, elatomeric coatings, self-adhesive membranes or sheathing sealed with tape that allows vapor through

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16
Q

Permeanance

A

The measure of how readily material allows vapor to pass through

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17
Q

Level of Permanence is considered permeable

A

5 perms or greater

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18
Q

Extensive Green Roof

A

Green Roof Uses less than 6” soil for grasses or perenneals

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19
Q

Intensive Green Roof

A

Green Roof Uses 12”+ of soil for small trees, shrubs, etc.

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20
Q

Growth Medium

A

The material in a green roof that provides nutrients to the plants

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21
Q

Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)

A

This is rigid insulation that has high compression strength is resistant to moisture and can be used on a green roof

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22
Q

Polysocyanurate Insulation

A

This is a type of rigid insulation that is similar to XPS but not as strong. It may be used in place of a thermal barrier. Since it is not as strong, it needs a protection board.

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23
Q

Flood Test

A

Method of testing a green roof for waterproofing; roof is flooded with 2” of water for 48” then a visual inspection of the interior is done to find leaks

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24
Q

Electric Field Vector Mapping (EFVM)

A

This waterproofing test for green roofs first wets the growth medium which becomes electronically conductive. The decking is grounded and any leaks cause an electric flow to the deck. Probes then allow the inspector to detect the location to find the break in waterproofing.

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25
Q

Reflective Roofing or Cool Roof

A

Roof with high reflective coating. it must have a reflectivity of .65 when new and .50 after 3 years to be rated by Energy Star. It is used when cooling degree days outnumber heating degree days.

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26
Q

Air Lock System

A

Fancy word for a Vestibule Entry System

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27
Q

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

A

This is the ratio of solar radiation transmitted through an entire window assembly expressed as a fraction to the amount that strikes it. It includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then re radiated, convected and conducted into the space. This includes the effects of the frame and glass spacer.

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28
Q

Shading Coefficient

A

The amount of solar radiation that passes through a piece of glass compared to the amount that comes through a 1/8” piece of clear, unshaded double strength glass. This is just the glass itself and is now superseded by SHGC.

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29
Q

Electronchromic Glazing

A

This type of glazing has a multi-layer thin film that allows the glass to switch between opaque and transparent or change colors with the use of low-voltage burst which transmit the visible portion but reflects infrared spectrum.

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30
Q

Photochromic Glazing

A

This type of glass gets darker under direct sunlight. This is not as useful on a sunny cold day. Its less flexible than Electrochromic Glazing.

31
Q

Thermochromic Glazing

A

This type of glazing becomes darker as the temperature changes.

32
Q

Low E Glass or Low Emissivity Glass

A

This type of glass is double glazing with a thin film coat within the cavity. It allows visible and near infrared radiation to be transmitted through glass but prevents heat loss inside the room. It can reduce the U value to .36 or .28 if glass is 1/2”

33
Q

Spectrally Selective Glazing

A

This type of glazing blocks 80% of heat from infrared portion of the spectrum. It has high transmittance of the visible solar spectrum.

34
Q

Superwindows

A

These windows have 3 panes of glass with 2 coatings of low E film.

35
Q

Switching able Glazing or Chromatic Window

A

This type of window changes either by environmental change or by human intervention

36
Q

Transition Metal Hybride Electromatics

A

This material changes from transparent to reflective. It is a nickel-magnesium instead of the oxide used in other electrochomatic materials.

37
Q

Double Envelope System

A

Outer skin of building consists of 2 glazed layers about 2-3 feet apart with sun control and passive or active conditioning between.

38
Q

Dynamic Buffer Zone System

A

This is when a new layer of glazing is built around an existing exterior wall . It prevents and controls condensation and has dry preheated air between it in winter.

39
Q

Daylight Autonomy (DA) aka Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA)

A

This is the % of area that meets the minimum daylight illuminence level for specified fraction of operating costs per year. Needed for LEED.

40
Q

Daylight Factor (DF)

A

This is the % of illuminance at a point on horizontal surface indoors to the outdoors on an overcast day. 1.5% is required for ordinary tasks, 4% is for detailed tasks and 5%+ can cause glare or overheating.

41
Q

Daylighted Zone

A

The distance sunlight enters a room. This is usually 1.5x the height of the window or 2x-2.5x if a light shelf is used.

42
Q

Effective Apperature (EA)

A

Product of VLT + WWR

43
Q

Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)

A

The percent of visible light that passes through a glazing material.

44
Q

Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)

A

The amount of glazing on a wall not including mullions/muntins/Frame

45
Q

Light Pipes

A

Pipes that have interior coated in highly reflective material with a plastic dome that directs light inside. Comes in 10” -16”

46
Q

Diffraction

A

Bending of sound waves around an object or through a small opening

47
Q

Maekawa Equation

A

The equation used to determine reduction of noise in dB (NR) from a point source

48
Q

Effective Height

A

The height of the top of the sound barrier to the point where the acoustic line of sight intersect the barrier. Its more important when the source and receiver are on different levels.

49
Q

Sally Port

A

A secure entry for cars that has 2 gates closely spaced to prevent more than 1 car from entering.

50
Q

Analemma

A

The figure 8 curve of the sun in the sky at different types of year at the same time of day

51
Q

Balance or point temperature

A

The temperature in which the building switches from heating to cooling

52
Q

Solar Time

A

This is time based on the earths position to the sun as it orbits. The earth rotates at different speeds each day do to its orbital ellipse

53
Q

Glazing Factor

A

The LEED number calculation that reviews window area, floor area, window geometry factor, light transmission and window height.

54
Q

Ground Light

A

The visible light from the sky and sun reflected by exterior surfaces below the horizon plane

55
Q

Net Metering

A

The requirement that utility companies must buy and sell power at the same rate.

56
Q

Radiation Spectrium

A

Range of electromagnetic radiation. It includes visible light, infrared radiation, radio waves and gamma rays.

57
Q

Radiative Cooling or Nocturnal Cooling or Night Cooled Mass

A

Thermal mass collects stores and distributes heat for distribution at night.

58
Q

Solar Constant

A

Amount of solar energy that falls in a unit time on a unit area oriented on a plane perpendicular to the suns rays.

59
Q

Solar Savings Fraction

A

The fraction of energy used by a system provided by solar technology

60
Q

Work Plane

A

The plane in which work is done, a desk is usually 30”

61
Q

Runoff Coefficient

A

The fraction of water that does not get absorbed by a site

62
Q

Holding Pond

A

This stores runoff and releases it unto the sewer at a controlled rate

63
Q

Declination Angle

A

the 23.5 degree difference between Earths North and the Suns North

64
Q

Collector Walks

A

Walkways from a parking lot - require 6’ min when bumpers overhang

65
Q

The location of the sun from Due south

A

Azimuth

66
Q

Four types of Sun Charts

A

Rectilinear Projection
Equidistant Projection or Horizontal Polar Projection
Gnomic Projection or Sunpeg Chart
Stereographic Projection

67
Q

Rectilinear Projection

A

This is a sun chart where the Y axis is the altitude, X is the Azimuth.

68
Q

Equidistant Horizontal Projection or Horizontal Polar Projection

A

This sun chart is a circle with the altitude at each ring of the circle and the azimuth as the spokes

69
Q

Gnomic Projection or Peg

A

This is type of solar chart is useful in shadow studies

70
Q

Magnetic Declination

A

The difference between true north and magnetic north

71
Q

Shadow Mask

A

This shows the shadows of nearby buildings or vegetation on a sun-path chart

72
Q

Passive Solar Energy system

A

This solar energy system uses no mechanical means

73
Q

Direct Gain

A

This solar energy system collects energy through south facing glass and stores it in high mass object

PPD (1 decks)

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