Sustainability

Question 1

Economic sustainability

Answer 1

1. Transport infrastructure located close to each other. Keeps costs for transportation low. (Connecting infrastructure does not need to be constructed) -> transportation costs for residents are low.
2. Buildings/ objects are near each other -> ppl don’t need to travel far, transport costs are low.
3. Ppl can have jobs at local businesses to earn income and increase their standard of living.
4. High population density, sufficient demand for goods and services -> lets local businesses sustain themselves.

Question 2

Social sustainability

Answer 2

1. Residents feel included and have a sense of shared identity.
2. Etc we can have shared community spaces to promote regular social interactions.

Example: In sg, the Residents’ Networks (RN) was set up to promote neighbourliness and community cohesiveness amongst residents. Each neighbourhood is divided into smaller designated zones and residents are encouraged to join the network.

Question 3

Sustainable development

Answer 3

1. Refers to development that:
   - meets the needs of the present population by achieving high standards of living for all.
   - ensures the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 4

Environmental sustainability

Answer 4

1. Ample protection for nature
   - when there is ample protection for nature, wildlife can thrive in our urban spaces and human-wildlife coexistence can be fostered.
   - protect existing native species, habitats and ecosystems, and to re-establish species that once existed.
   EXAMPLE: the National Parks Board has developed multiple strategies aimed at safeguarding SG’s habitats and ecosystems for long-term sustainability. This includes implementation of species conservation and recovery programmes.
2. Facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling
   - conveniently located recycling facilities and infrastructure such as blue recycling bins are located around the estates can encourage residents to recycle.
   EXAMPLE: town council may put up posters or banners to encourage and educate their residents to recycle properly.
3. Energy and water-efficient design approaches for buildings and landscapes.
   - to minimise the use for resources. -> smart technology and eco-friendly features can be installed.
   EXAMPLE: under the large-scale Housing Development Board (HDB) Green Towns Programme, cool paint is going to be used in neighbourhoods to lower temperatures by up to two degrees Celsius, reducing energy consumption.
   Water harvested from rain is used for block washing of void decks and corridors to reduce overall water consumption.