survivors of abuse Flashcards
two distinct types of aggression
reactive and proactive
type of aggression: associated with impulsivity, more common in those with a hx of being abused
reactive
type of aggression: initiated, not provoked, psychopathology
proactive
5 types of abuse
physical
sexual
emotional
neglect
economic
type of abuse: Infliction of bodily harm
Slapping, hitting, punching, restraining, choking, pushing, biting
physical
type of abuse: Any form of contact or exposure without consent, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent
sexual assault
type of abuse: Infliction of mental anguish
Threatening, intimidating, humiliating, isolating
emotional abuse
type of abuse: Failure to provide physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs
neglect
type of abuse: Controlling access to economic resources
economic
3 secondary effects of violence
-anxiety
-depression & suicidal ideation
-PTSD
3 requirements for an occurrence of violence
-perpetrator
- vulnerable person
-crisis situation
biological theories of the abuser
- lower amygdala volume (impulse control)
- elevated dopamine levels (aggression)
- organic brain syndrome (tumor, brain trauma, epilepsy
3 stages of intimate partner violence
1- tension building
2- acute battering
3- honeymoon
intimate partner violence phase: Relatively minor incidents (verbal abuse, pushing)
Both try to reduce tension:
Victim ignores, accepts, minimizes
Fear-based response
Abuser rationalizes
phase 1- tension building
intimate partner violence phase: Unbearable tension building
Victim may “provoke” to reduce tension
Victim may try to cover injury or get help
Serious injury
phase 2 acute battering phase
intimate partner violence phase: Abuser
initially apologetic, loving, kind, makes promises
Victim:
trusting, hopeful for change, wants to believe partner’s promises
phase 3 honeymoon stage
Early Impact On Children:
Behavioral, social, and emotional problems
higher levels of aggression, anger, hostility, oppositional behavior, and disobedience; fear, anxiety, withdrawal, and depression; poor peer, sibling, and social relationships; low self-esteem.
Early Impact On Children: Cognitive and attitudinal problems
Lower cognitive functioning, poor school performance, lack of
Conflict resolution skills, limited problem-solving skills, acceptance of violent behaviors and attitudes, belief in rigid gender stereotypes and male privilege.
3 types of abuse of a child
physical
emotional
sexual
a form of abuse is when you neglect to give the child the tools he will need to survive as an adult
neglect
refusal or delay in accessing health care, abandonment, expulsion from the home, inadequate supervision
physical neglect
Chronic failure to provide hope, love, and support necessary to thrive
emotional neglect
Characteristics Of Vulnerable Persons: Older Adults
Poor mental or physical health
Dependent on perpetrator
Commonly: female, older than 75 years, white, living with a relative, impaired
primary themes of sexual assault
power & control
response pattern: the survivor expresses fear, anger, anxiety, crying.
expressed response pattern
response pattern: the feelings are hidden or masked and survivor appears calm, composed
Controlled response pattern
2 phases of sexual assault
acute phase
adjustment phase
sexual assault phase: Occurs immediately following the assault
May last for 2 weeks
Symptoms
Shock
Numbness
Disbelief
Disorganization in lifestyle
cognitive impairment with confusion
Poor concentration
poor decision making
Somatic symptoms.
Hysteria, restlessness, crying, smiling may be noted.
Denial after assault is a protective action to give the person time to prepare for reality
acute phase
sexual assault phase: Occurs 2 or more weeks after the rape
Nurses can help the patient prepare for reactions that are likely to occur, such as intrusive thoughts of the event; flashbacks; dreams (nightmares); insomnia; increased motor activity; anxiety; mood swings; development of fears and phobias (e.g., fear of indoors or outdoors, being alone, crowds, sexual activity)
adjustment phase
primary prevention of abuse
Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of abuse
secondary prevention of abuse
Early intervention in abusive situations to minimize their disabling or long-term effects
tertiary prevention of abuse
Facilitating the healing and rehabilitative processi
Providing support
Assisting survivors of violence to achieve their optimal level of safety, health, and well-being
-pattern of abuse established
