Survive The Cosmos COPY Flashcards
What is meant by a light year?
The distance that light could travel in one year.
How would you calculate a light year?
d=vt
d = 300 000 000 x (365 x 24 x 60 x 60)
Why do we use light years to measure distances in space?
Space is so massive we have to use a big unit to measure it.
State what is meant by a balanced force.
Equal forces acting in opposite directions.
What is Newton’s 1st Law?
If a balanced force acts on an object it will either remain stationary or continue to travel at a constant speed.
A car is travelling at 50ms-1. What can you say about the forces acting on it?
The forces are balanced.
What is the name of the force that always opposes motion?
Friction
What is meant by the resultant force?
The overall force acting on an object taking into account size and direction.
What is Newton’s second law?
Unbalanced Force = mass x acceleration.
A force of 1000N acts on an object. The mass of the object is increased. What happens to the acceleration?
The acceleration will decrease.
A force of 1000N acts on a 50kg object. The unbalanced force on the object is increased. What happens to the acceleration?
The acceleration will increase.
A force of 1000N acts on an object. The mass of the object is decreased. What happens to the acceleration?
The acceleration will increase.
A force of 1000N acts on a 50kg object. The unbalanced force on the object is decreased. What happens to the acceleration?
The acceleration will decrease.
What is Newton’s 3rd Law?
For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
Explain using Newton’s 3rd Law how a rocket takes off.
The rocket’s engines push the exhaust gases down. The exhaust gases push the rocket’s engines up.
Explain using Newton’s 3rd Law how a rocket can propel itself forward in space.
The rocket’s engines push the exhaust gases backwards. The exhaust gases push the rocket’s engines forwards.
What factors can effect the distance that a rocket could be launched?
- Angle of launch,
- Mass of rocket,
- Force of launch
What is meant by mass?
A measure of the matter that makes up an object.
OR
A measure of the particles that make up an object.
What is meant by weight?
The force exerted by an object caused by the gravitational field strength.
What is gravitational field strength?
The force per kilogram
An astronaut goes to another planet. What will happen to the astronauts mass?
Nothing. It will remain the same.
An astronaut goes to another planet. What will happen to the astronauts weight?
The weight will change depending on the gravitational field strength.
An astronaut goes to the Moon. Explain what happens to his weight.
His weight will be less. The Moon has less gravitational field strength.
What does ‘F’ stand for?
Unbalanced force
What is the unit for force?
N, Newtons
What does ‘a’ stand for?
Acceleration
What is the unit for acceleration?
metres per second per second, m/s2
What does ‘m’ stand for?
mass
What is the unit for mass?
kilograms, kg
What does ‘W’ stand for?
Weight
What is the unit for weight?
N, Newtons
What does ‘g’ stand for?
Gravitational field strength
What is the unit for gravitational field strength?
Newtons per kilogram, N/kg
What is the energy change in a lamp?
Electrical to light
What is the energy change in a buzzer?
Electrical to sound
What can an LDR detect?
Changes in light level
What can a thermistor detect?
Changes in temperature
Explain how a NOT gate operates.
A NOT gate gives out NOT what you put in. (Put in a 0 get out a 1)
Explain how an OR gate operates.
An OR gate gives out a 1 when one input is on, or the other input is on or both inputs are on.
Explain how an AND gate operates.
An AND gate gives out a 1 when both inputs are on.
In logic systems how is an ON represented?
1
In logic systems how is an OFF represented?
0
A 1 is the input to a NOT gate. What will the output be?
0
An AND gate has Input 1 = 1, Input 2 = 0. What will the output be?
0
An OR gate has Input 1 = 1, Input 2 = 0. What will the output be?
1
An OR gate has Input 1 = 0, Input 2 = 0. What will the output be?
0
An AND gate has Input 1 = 1, Input 2 = 1. What will the output be?
1
A 0 is the input to a NOT gate. What will the output be?
1
An OR gate has Input 1 = 0, Input 2 = 1. What will the output be?
0
An AND gate has Input 1 = 0, Input 2 = 1. What will the output be?
1
An OR gate has Input 1 = 1, Input 2 = 1. What will the output be?
1
An AND gate has Input 1 = 0, Input 2 = 0. What will the output be?
0
What are the two main forces acting on a rocket at take off?
Weight and Engine Thrust
Which equation could be used to calculate the time, distance or speed of an object?
d = vt
Which equation could be used to calculate the unbalanced force, mass or acceleration of an object?
F = ma
Which equation could be used to calculate the weight, mass or gravitational field strength?
W = mg
Which force should be used to calculate the acceleration of the block?
Engine thrust - Friction
Which force should be used to calculate the acceleration of the rocket?
Engine thrust - weight
What is the symbol for a NOT gate?
What is the symbol for an AND gate?
What is the symbol for an OR gate?
Which logic gate is this?
AND Gate
Which logic gate is this?
OR Gate
Which logic gate is this?
NOT gate
