Survival Through Adaptations And Regulation Flashcards
Define the term ‘tolerance range’
Range of tolerance in biology refers to the specifications of environment in which particular species can survive. These environmental factors include temperature, humidity, salinity, quality of soil and quality of air.
Define ‘optimum range’
the climate conditions an organism thrives at.
EG. I can live in 0 degree weather, but I am much better suited for 25 degree weather.
Define ‘physiological stress’
Physiological or biological stress is an organism’s response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is a body’s method of reacting to a challenge.
What is homeostasis? Purpose?
In biology, the term homeostasis refers to the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
The purpose of homeostasis is to maintain a normal balance within the body regarding its temperature
Outline the stimulus response model
Stimulus -> receptor ->sensory neutron -> CNS -> relay nerve ->CNS -> motor neurone -> effector -> response
Define stimulus
A biologic stimulus is any external change in the environment that can be detected by an organism.
Define receptor
an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
Define effector
an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
Define response
An action or movement due to the application of a stimulus.
Describe negative feedback
Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind of stimulus
Examples of heat transfer
Conduction- A pot sitting on a hot burner.
Convection- Putting your wet shoes on a floor vent to dry them faster
Radiation- A person placing their cold hands over a warm fire
How is heat balance achieved?
This is achieved by balancing the flow of heat energy. We can divide the main components of this power balance in classic physicist’s fashion (conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation).
What is one structural and one behavioural adaptation of humans retaining heat in cold environments?
Structural- shivering
Behavioural- putting on more clothes
Explanation the effect of type 1 diabetes on blood glucose levels
Without insulin, the body’s cells cannot turn glucose (sugar), into energy. People with type 1 diabetes depend on insulin every day of their lives to replace the insulin the body cannot produce. They must test their blood glucose levels several times throughout the day.
What are the actions to be taken in the cases of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia
During hypoglycaemia glucose levels in the blood drop below normal, in this case more glucose needs to be added to the body
During hyperglycaemia glucose levels in the blood rise above normal, in this case glucose needs to be removed from the body
