Surveying.L [Basic Surveying Terms] (L1) Flashcards
A point with a
known elevation used as a
reference in surveying.
Benchmark
Linesconnecting points of equal
elevation on a map, representing
the shape of the land.
Contour Lines
A series of connected survey lines forming the outline of a
survey area.
Traverse
A point where measurements or observations are taken.
Station
Satellite-based navigation system used for precise location determination.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
A measured reference
line used in surveying.
Baseline
The horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, often north
Azimuth
A reference surface or level used as a base for measurements.
Datum
The vertical distance above a reference point or datum.
Elevation
An electronic device combining theodolite and distance measuring capabilities.
Total Station
A unit of length used in
surveying, typically 66 feet.
Chain
A theodolite with a telescope that can be rotated in a horizontal plane.
Transit
A geometrically corrected aerial photograph.
Orthophoto
A tool used tomeasure the area of a planar figure on a map
Planimeter
A method of determining distances or elevations by measuring angles in a triangle formed by survey lines.
Triangulation
The ratio between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
Scale
A method of locating a point by intersecting lines from known points.
Intersection
The shape of the Earth’s gravity field, used as a reference for elevations.
Geoid
A straightedge or rule with sights used in surveying to align and measure angles.
Alidade
Introduced in the 16th century, it measures horizontal and vertical angles, essential for triangulation and precise angle measurements.
Theodolite
An improvement on the theodolite, it allows for precise measurements of both horizontal and vertical angles
Transit Theodolite
An early leveling instrument that simplifies the process of measuring height differences.
Dumpy Level
Combining electronic theodolite and distance measuring capabilities, it revolutionized surveying by automating measurements and calculations.
Total Station
Replaced traditional chain or tape
measurements, allowing for faster
and more precise distance measurements.
Electronic Distance Measurment [Electronic Distance Measurement]
A self-leveling optical instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, widely used for construction and topographic surveys.
Auto Level
Utilizes laser technology to rapidly capture detailed 3D data, improving
efficiency in mapping and
construction surveys.
Laser Scanner
Integrates accelerometers and
gyroscopes to enhance navigation
and positioning accuracy in
challenging environments.
Inertial Navigation Systems
Replaced traditional spirit levels, providing electronic readouts for more accurate leveling.
Digital Levels
A total station with automated tracking and remote operation capabilities, enhancing efficiency and safety
Robotic Total Station
Uses laser light to measure distances, creating highly accurate 3D maps for various applications, including forestry and environmental monitoring.
LiDAR [Light Detection and Ranging]
it is technology integrates spatial data, enhancing the analysis and
interpretation of surveying results
GIS [Geographic Information Systems]
receivers can utilize signals from
multiple satellite constellations for
improved accuracy
GNSS [Global Navigation Satellite System]
Equipped with cameras or LiDAR, drones enable rapid aerial surveys, offering a cost- effective and efficient alternative for mapping and monitoring.
UAV or Drones [Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]
