Surveying & Mapping L3 Flashcards
What is the difference between Raster & Vector mapping data?
These data sets are types of spatial data used to represent geographical information.
Raster data are pixels which form an image, when zoomed in it becomes fuzzy and less clear. Generally used for pictures, backdrop or overview maps.
Vector data is composed of XY coordinates which are linked to a set of attributes - when zoomed in, remains clear and useable.
What is GIS?
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Technology that is used to collect, manage, analyse and visualise geographic data.
What is QGIS?
Quantum Geographical Information System
What are the key requirements of a title dead plan?
1- Scale - 1250, 2500 or 10000
2-Created on a Mastermap title
3-Location plan inset
4-North arrow included
How would you transfer data from a physical plan to a GIS project?
Georeferencing
What is Georeferencing?
Georeferencing is the process of aligning a raster image (such as a scanned map, aerial photograph, or satellite image) with real-world geographic coordinates so that it can be accurately used in GIS software like QGIS.
When georeferencing, how do you ensure the overlay is most accurate?
Ensuring the most accurate overlay requires a combination of precise control point selection, correct transformation methods, and validation checks.
What is the difference between accuracy & precision?
Accuracy - How close to the truth or known value
Precision - How close they are to one another
Why would you advice to voluntary register?
Protects your title and boundary. Simplifies future transactions.
How did utilising QGIS help provide strategic advice?
Decision making visual /accuracy/ access to certain parts of the estate
Can you give me an example of how you utilised you negotiation skills throughout this process?
Used negotiation skills to help with what parts of the estate each partner would retain. QGIS allowed me to illustrate these options on a plan.
Why was mapping the access to the mast important to your client?
To ensure that the access that should be used is very clear to reduce any uncertainty.
Compensation claim - Were you able to provide a positive outcome for your client using QGIS for your claim?
Yes I was able to accurately map the area that was affected by the damage to ensure that the client was reinbursed appropriately.
Resi Plot - Why is it important for your client that you map all services?
Identifying any risks/constraints
Legal & Compliance considerations
Valuation/Developemnt feasibility
Access / Rights of Way
Can you tell me what items are required to ensure a title deed map is complaint?
Scale, north arrow, inset location plan, correct mapping tile
What’s the difference between title deed maps and maps you may use for a farm tenancy?
Title deed plans need to be compliant for ROS whereas tenancy plans are indicative outlines of an area of land.
How do you utilise mapping in your valuation work?
Mapping is used to show the boundary of the subject being valued for clarity as well as providing a location plan showing the approximate location of the subject.
Does your company have a central system for storing central data sets?
Groundmapper- central system which has a central pool of vector data.
Why are maps important for leases?
A lease map clearly outlines the exact land or property being leased to avoid boundary disputes.
It ensures both landlord and tenant understand the precise size, shape, and location of the leased area.
They can also show access points as well as services.
Did you consult with any other parties regarding the boundary?
Solicitors & the client.
Can you talk me through why geo-referencing is beneficial for ROCs?
A georeferenced Record of Condition ties photographs, maps, and reports to exact geographic coordinates.
Ensures precise positioning of land features, boundaries, and structures, preventing disputes.
Provides clear evidence of the site’s state at the start of a lease or transaction.
What is a level three plans report?
It provides detailed information on any competing interests, as well as registered servitudes and burdens, and minerals.
What are EPSG in mapping?
(European Petroleum Survey Group) codes are unique numerical identifiers assigned to coordinate reference systems (CRS) used in mapping and GIS (Geographic Information Systems).
Why is it important that the EPSG is correct?
These codes help define how spatial data is projected onto a map, ensuring accurate positioning and consistency across different mapping systems.
The correct CRS ensures that all spatial data layers align correctly on the map. Incorrect CRS assignments can cause layers to be misaligned, leading to inaccuracies in your analysis.
EPSG:27700 - British National Grid (used in the UK)
What are the key mapping requirements when preparing a farm for sale?
For a sale you do not need to have a plan to scale as it just for indicative purposes. North arrow.
Access
Boundaries
Any ROW
What legal documents are needed for verifying farm boundaries?
Title deeds - Electronic or Sasine Register
How do mapping inaccuracies affect transactions?
Legal/ownership/delays
If a property’s boundaries are mapped incorrectly, disputes may arise between neighbors, potentially leading to legal challenges and delays in transactions.
Inaccurate mapping can cause discrepancies in Land Registry records, leading to ownership disputes or difficulties in securing financing.
Errors in mapping access routes or servitudes may restrict land use, affecting the value and usability of a property.
How to Mitigate Mapping Inaccuracies?
Use Georeferenced and EPSG-Coded Maps to ensure spatial accuracy
Ensure solicitor agrees that it matches title plan
Update mapping data regularly
How do you handle situations where a buyer disputes mapped boundaries?
Ensure that it matches title boundary/ discuss with solicitor
What challenges have you faced with mapping discrepancies in past transactions?
If small triangles/areas of road are included.
If a client wanted to divide land after purchase, how would you advise on mapping requirements?
New title plans.
Have you ever had to correct inaccurate mapping data? How did you identify the issue, and what steps did you take to rectify it?
Client provided boundary plan and turns out that they owned additional strip of land.
Describe a situation where you had to provide expert advice on land measurement. What techniques did you use?
In a sale of land I was involved in there was a discrepancy between the registered title area and the physical land measurement. The vendor believed they were selling more but when checked against modern mapping, the area was closer to 195 acres.
Examined the Land Register title plan, historical estate maps, and Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping.
Discussion with solicitor on title boundaries.
How have you dealt with discrepancies between historical maps and current land measurements?
I have encountered such issues in cases involving boundary disputes, title misalignment, and access rights.
I begin by comparing historical maps (e.g., Ordnance Survey archives, estate plans, or Land Registry records) with modern GPS-measured data.
I check for differences in boundary positions, access routes, and land areas that may have shifted due to errors, physical land changes, or outdated mapping standards.
Can you discuss a case where you had to liaise with other professionals (e.g., planners, engineers) regarding surveying and mapping data?
Discussing boundaries with solicitors
Have you ever had to present surveying and mapping findings to a client or legal body? How did you ensure clarity and accuracy?
Yes, I have presented surveying and mapping findings to both clients and legal bodies in the context of land transactions, lease agreements, and valuation reports. Ensuring clarity and accuracy was essential to avoid disputes and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
I ensured that all maps and spatial data were sourced from authoritative datasets such as Ordnance Survey (OS), Registers of Scotland (RoS), and GIS mapping tools like QGIS.
Use of Clear Visuals and Layered Data:
Property boundaries with distinct color coding
Servitudes and rights of way clearly marked
Environmental constraints (e.g., flood zones, conservation areas)
Simplifying Complex Information
Clients often find technical mapping terms confusing, so I provided layman’s explanations alongside professional reports.
I used annotated maps with reference points (e.g., “Access Route A” or “Title Discrepancy Area”) to make discussions more intuitive.
How do you ensure compliance with legal and regulatory mapping requirements in your work?
I ensure that all mapping data comes from authoritative sources such as:
Ordnance Survey (OS) maps
Land Registry records
Scottish Government Rural Payments and Inspections Division (SGRPID) maps for agricultural land
Local authority GIS data for planning and environmental constraints
Compliance with Land registry requirements
I regularly review updates from regulatory bodies, such as the RICS Guidance on Mapping and Surveying, Land Reform Acts, and Registers of Scotland mapping protocols.
Difference between promap & qgis
