survey of the living primates Flashcards
quadrupedal
using all four limbs in locomotion
brachiation
arm swinging
anthropoids
old scheme
monkeys, apes and humans
- larger brain and body size
- reduced reliance on sense of smell, increased reliance on vision
- greater degree of color vision
- bony plate at back of eye socket
- blood supply to brain different from lemurs and lorises
- fused mandible
- longer gestation and maturation
- generalized dentition
- increased parental care
- more utual grooming
prosimians
old scheme:
lemurs, lorises and tarisers
old classification scheme
based on evolutionary systematics
prosimians and anthropoids
new classification scheme
based on cladistics
strepsirhines and haplorhines
strepsirhines
new scheme:
lemurs and lorises
- most primitive
- more reliance on olfaction as evidenced by moist fleshy pad, or rhinarium
haplorhines
tarsiers, monkeys, apes, humans
monkeys
reperesent about 85% of all primates
2 groups:
new world monkeys (NWMs
Old world monkeys
OWMs)
new world monkeys
inhabit mexico through upper right half of south america
Platyrrhine
new world
- 70 species found in wide range of arboreal environments
- outward facing notstrels (flat nosed)
- all diurnal except owl monkey
- quadrupedal
- most live in mixed-sex groups
old world monkeys
inhabit lower half of africa and lower segment of Asia
catarhine
old world monkeys
- habitat ranges from tropical jungle to semiarid desert to seasonally snow covered areas
- cercopithecidae
- -cercopitecines: More omnivorous with cheek pouches, arboreal, mostly in africa
- -colobines: mainly eat leaves
- most are quadrupedal and primarily arboreal
- ischial callosities, hardeed skin on butt
- sexual dimorphism
difference between apes and humans from monkeys
- larger body size
- absence of a tail***
- lower back shorter and more stable
- arms longer than legs
- anatomical differences in shoulder joint
- more complex behavior
- more complex brain and cognitive abilities
- increased period of infant development and dependency
gibbons and siamangs
- tropical areas of southeast asia
- adaptations for brachiation may be related to feeding while hanging from branches
- -long arms, curved fingers, short thumbs, powerful shoulder muscles
- diet is largely fruit with leaves, flowers, and insects
- basic social unit is a monogamous pair and offspring
- males and females delineate territories with whoops and “songs”