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OAT > Survey Of Natural Sciences > Flashcards

Survey Of Natural Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

5 kingdoms

A 
Monera
Protista
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
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2
Q

Autotroph

A

Organism synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances using light or energy

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3
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism cannot synthesize its own food and dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition

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4
Q

Saprophyte

A

Organism grows on and derives its nourishment from dead/decaying organic matter

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5
Q

Parasite

A

Organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host

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6
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Organism requiring oxygen to live

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7
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Organism can live in he absence or presence of atmospheric oxygen

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8
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Organism needs to live in absence of atmospheric oxygen

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9
Q

Types of archaebacteria

A

Thermophiles: live in extremely hot/acidic/moist/sulfuric environments

Methagens: obligate anaerobes which oxidize CO2 during cellular respiration to produce CH4 as waste product

Halophiles: live inextremely salty environments

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10
Q

Types of eubacteria

A

Gram negative

Gram positive

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11
Q

Morphological classifications of bacteria

A 
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilli
Diplo (duplexes)
Staph (clusters)
Strept (chains)
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12
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

Smallest living cells

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13
Q

Blue green algae

A

Prokaryotic

No flagella or organelles

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14
Q

Protista are _______

A

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

Types of protists

A

Rhizopoda: naked or shelled amoebas
Sporozoa: parasitic with complex life cycles
Ciliphora: use cilia for motility and feeding
Zoomastigina: use flagella for motility

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16
Q

Fungi are _______

A

Heterotrophs

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17
Q

Plant kingdom is ________

A

Multicellular, autotrophic

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18
Q

Non vascular plants =

A

Bryophytes

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19
Q

Vascular plants=

A

Tracheophytes

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20
Q

Gymnosperms=

A

Conifers

Unprotected seeds

Retain leaves through winter

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21
Q

Angiosperms=

A

Flowering plants

Protected seeds

Monocots (1 cotyledon)
Dicots (2 cotyledons)

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22
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

2 layers of cells arranged in sac

Can regenerate from only pieces

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23
Q

Radiata

A

Coelenterates (Hydra, medusa, sea anemone, corals)

Digestive sac sealed at one end

Tenticles

24
Q

Acoelomates

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Bilaterally symmetrical

3 layer cells

Single opening gastrovascular cavity

25
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

Nematodes

Roundworms

Long digestive tube and anus

Sexual reproduction

26
Q

Protosomes

A

Annelida and mollusca

Snails clams squids

Soft bodies and mantles

Breathe through gills

Chambered heart

27
Q

Arthropoda

A

Insects, arachnids, crustaceans

Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton of chitin

Open circulatory system

28
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Echinodermata

Stars sea urchins

Spiny/radial symmetrical

29
Q

Types of Chordata

A

Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

30
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of life
  3. Cells come only from other cells
  4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Genetic material is passed from parent to daughter cell
31
Q

Light microscopy

A

Uses glass lens and light

Kill live specimens

32
Q

Electron microscopy

A

Uses electrons and electromagnets

Kills live cells

33
Q

Cell fractionation

A

Cells whose cell membranes have been ruptured and centrifuges at various speeds for varying lengths of time to separate components of different sizes, densities, and shapes

34
Q

Freeze fracture

A

Used to study cell membranes and organelles

Frozen specimen is fractured using a cold knife, producing a fractured plane that splits the lipid bilayer membranes

35
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell

36
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

Plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophilic phosphoric acid head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail

Cell can regulate the fluidity of membrane by adjusting the length of the unsaturated hydrocarbon tails

37
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material

Nuclear envelope separates nucleus from outside and is perforated by nuclear pores

38
Q

Nucleolus

A

Site of rRNA synthesis

No membrane

39
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration

ATP production

Bilayer

Houses proteins of the electron transport chain

40
Q

Endosymbiosis hypothesis

A

Mitochondria have developed from early prokaryotic cells and began a symbiotic relationship with the ancestors of eukaryotes

41
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

Composed of rRNA and proteins

42
Q

Smooth ER

A

Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons

43
Q

Rough ER

A

Involved in protein synthesis

44
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Proteins are modified and sorted based on their destination

Modifications=glycosylation

45
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins carbs and nucleic acids

Acidic pH of 5

46
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze reactions

Break down fats into small molecules

Detoxify potentially harmful compounds (alcohol in the liver)

47
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provides framework for maintenance of excels shape

Movement

48
Q

Micro filaments

A

Contain actin

Involved in muscle contraction

49
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Consist of fibrous proteins

Function in the structural support of the cell

50
Q

Microtubules

A

Composed of tubulin

Involved in movement of organelles and chromosomes, maintenance of cell shape, and cell motility

51
Q

Centrioles

A

Microtubule organizing centers that anchor micro tubules during mitosis

52
Q

Tight junction

A

Membranes of neighboring cells are attached

No material can pass between cells or travel past the junction

53
Q

Anchoring junction

A

Found in cells subject to mechanical stress

54
Q

Gap junction

A

Provide direct connection between cytoplasm of one excellent and the cytoplasm of a neighboring cell via channels

55
Q

Classification of taxonomy system from most general to specific

A 
Kingdom
Phylum (subphylum)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

(Kings play chess on fiber glass stools)

OAT (1 decks)

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