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Microbiology Final Review > Survey of Mycology > Flashcards

Survey of Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are Fungi Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Examples of unicellular and multicellular fungi.

A

unicellular: yeast
multicellular: molds, mushrooms

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3
Q

Give 4 facts about fungi.

A
  1. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
  2. Grow at lower pH than bacteria.
  3. Tolerant of salt and sugar.
  4. Asexual or sexual reproduction.
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4
Q

What are 4 good functions of fungi?

A
  1. Saprophytes: break down dead and decaying materials to decompose.
  2. Use exoenzymes.
  3. Food production.
  4. Antibiotic production.
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5
Q

What do fungal heterotrophs metabolize? 2 Examples?

A

Metabolize complex carbs (lignin and cellulose).

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6
Q

True or false: some fungi are apart of our normal microbiota

A

True.

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7
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin.

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8
Q

How do yeasts reproduce?

A

Asexually, by budding.

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9
Q

How do filamentous molds and mushrooms reproduce?

A

Reproduce with spores (NOT like bacterial spores).

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10
Q

What can yeasts produce? Can all yeasts produce this?

A

Yeasts can produce hyphae. Not all yeasts can produce this.

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11
Q

What is hyphae?

A

Tubular, branching filaments of cells.

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12
Q

Multicellular yeasts have what?

A

Hyphae and mycelium.

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13
Q

How are multicellular yeasts classified?

A

By their reproductive spores (sexual and asexual types exist).

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14
Q

Systemic pathogens are often what?

A

Often opportunistic, and are often dimorphic.

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15
Q

What does it mean for fungi to be dimorphic?

A

They are filamentous mold in the environment, but yeast-like in the host?

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16
Q

How are dimorphic yeast regulated?

A

By environmental factors.

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17
Q

What is mycoses?

A

Illness caused by fungal pathogen, some are opportunistic.

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18
Q

Fungal pathogens cause disease by what 3 things?

A
  1. Stimulating inappropriate immune responses.
  2. Toxins
  3. Acting as carcinogens.
19
Q

Fungal growth in the body can be what two things?

A
  1. Superficial

2. Systemic (often opportunistic)

20
Q

How are superficial infections of fungi transmitted?

A

Via direct contact and formites (combs, hats, etc.)

From other animals (cats are most common)

21
Q

What are two examples of superficial fungal infections?

A
  1. ringworm = tineas

2. dandruff

22
Q

Where do tineas inhabit, and what do they cause?

A

Tineas inhabit keratinized areas.

They cause an itchy rash.

23
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Athletes foot.

24
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Tinea of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids

25
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

Tinea of the body.

26
Q

What is tinea unguium?

A

Tinea of nails.

27
Q

How is tinea diagnosed?

A

A sample is placed in KOH to dissolve keratin, or look for spores.

28
Q

How is tinea treated?

A

Topical antifungal.

29
Q

What is dandruff?

A

Overgrowth of fungi (malassezia), which is normal microbiota. It causes a hyper-turnover of cells.

Sebaceous gland activity is involved.

30
Q

True or false: bacterial involvement is not likely with dandruff

A

False. Bacterial involvement (such as staph) is likely.

31
Q

True or false: genetic susceptibility is likely for dandruff.

A

True.

32
Q

How is dandruff treated?

A

Topical antifungals.

33
Q

How is candidiasis caused?

A

Caused by Candida species, which is part of the normal microbiota.

34
Q

Overgrowth of candida leads to what?

A
  1. Thrush (common in mouth and throat)

2. Vaginitis (common)

35
Q

True or false: systemic infections of candidiasis is rare

A

True. It is also rarely transmitted from person to person.

36
Q

Most transmissions of candidiasis is what type?

A

Aireborne/respiratory.

37
Q

Most of candida lives where?

A

In soil.

38
Q

What 5 things cause systemic predispositions of candidiasis?

A
  1. Chronic debilitating diseases.
  2. Change to metabolism
  3. Damage to microbiota
  4. Antibiotics
  5. Steroids
39
Q

Candidiasis often resembles what?

A

TB and cancer.

40
Q

If candidiasis enters the blood (often through procedures), what can happen?

A

Endocarditis or pulmonary granuloma.

PRIMARY CAUSE OF FUNGAL DEATH.

41
Q

True or false: few molds produce toxins that can be inhaled.

A

False. MANY molds produce toxins that can be inhaled.

42
Q

High levels of mold can be problematic for those with what 3 things?

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Asthma
  3. Immunocomproimised
43
Q

How can we control and limit our exposure to mold?

A

Reducing indoor moisture levels controls mold.

Microbiology Final Review (2 decks)

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