Survey of Music Elements, Classical, & Romantic periods Flashcards
ethnomusicologist
John Blacking
Historian of Western art music
Joseph Kerman
(pp) Pianissimo
(p) Piano
(mp) Mezzo Piano
(mf) Mezzo Forte
(f) Forte
(ff) Fortissimo
Very Soft Soft Medium Soft Medium Loud Loud Very Loud
Adagio Adagietto Moderato Allegretto Allegro Presto
– slow and stately – rather slow – moderately – moderately fast – fast, quickly – extremely fast
middle ages 450 -1450 renaissance 1450-1600 baroque 1600-1750 classical 1750-1820 romantic 1820-1900 twentieth 1900- 20th century
- plain Chant (Hildegard of Bingen)
- MOTET (Josquin Des Prez)
- Opera (Johann Sebastian Bach)
- opera (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- classical ( Vincenzo Bellini)
Monophony
Polyphony
homophonic
Heterophony
- means music with a single “part”
- means music with more than one part
- music moves in the same rhythm
- same melody, but different times
pioneer ethnomusicologist
Alan Merriam
Music classification system was invented by German scholars____&____
Sachs and Hornbostel
Sonata is considered as _____
chamber music
Opera Buffa was different from Opera Seria by ____
Castrato singers were replaced with Bass singers to portray central characters
Italian comic opera was called ______
an opera buffa
An operatic number sung by two or more people is called a ______
ensemble
Which accurately describes Don Giovanni?
tragic and comical
“Alfin siam liberati” is an attempt by Don Giovanni to ______
convince Zerlina to come to his villa.
A concerto
is a musical composition in three parts; one solo instrument (piano, violin) is accompanied by an orchestra.
A symphony
is an musical composition contains at least one movement.
Roles of the soloist and the orchestra in the Classical concerto
the soloist and the orchestra alternate episodes of opposition, cooperation, and independence in the creation of the music
Define cadenza. Where is the structure of a concerto does it appear?
an improvised part in a classical concerto, normally near the end of the first movement
List the instruments (and the number of each) in a string quartet
2 violins, 1 viola and 1 cello
Define and describe the genre chamber music. Name two pieces that qualify as Chamber music. List their composers
as well.
classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber
- Ludwig van Beethoven(Quartet for Strings No. 14 in C sharp minor)
- Franz Schubert(String Quintet in C-major, D.956)
opera buffa vs opera seria
O.B. often tackles light, not so delicate subject matter where the ending often has a happy resolution.
O.S. the story revolves around heroes and myths, emphasis is also given to the solo voice
The Orchestra in the first movement of Symphony No. 5 in C Minor consist of ______
strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
Beethoven wrote music in both the ________ style and the ________ style
Classical; Romantic
According to most sources, which characterizes Beethoven’s personality?
brusque and strong-willed
Which musical characteristic of Beethoven’s symphonies seems far from the Classical style of Mozart and
Haydn?
rhythmic drive
Briefly explain the connection between Napoleon and Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony.
originally the work was to be titled the “Bonaparte Symphony” as a tribute to Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon crowned himself emperor, a move which angered Beethoven. As legend has it, the composer ripped through the title page and later renamed the symphony the Eroica because he refused to dedicate one of his pieces to the man he now considered a “tyrant”.
define Program music
music that is intended to evoke images or convey the impression of events
Define lied. In what country did the lied evolve?
a type of GERMAN song,of the Romantic period, typically for solo voice with piano accompaniment.
A song cycle is …
a group of songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a single entity
- Franz Schubert (Winterreise)
A character piece is a
grandiose composition for piano.
What is Carnaval?
a lied
“La donna è mobile” from Rigoletto is the first line of a(n):
aria.
Who composed The Nibelung’s Ring?
Richard Wagner
Many of Verdi’s early operas were associated with
the Italian liberation movement.
What became of Wagner’s leitmotiv technique?
It was used only in Wagner’s operas.
Briefly describe the personality and political views of Richard Wagner.
critical view on the influence of Jews in German culture and society at that time Wagner was promoted during the Nazi era as one of Adolf Hitler’s favourite composers. suggested that he was the son of Ludwig Geyer, rather than his legal father Carl Friedrich Wagner, and some of his biographers have proposed that Wagner himself believed that Geyer was Jewish.
