Survey

Question 1

Who were the ‘big four’ at the Paris Peace Conference and what were the ambitions of each?

Answer 1

• David Lloyd George (Britain)- guarantee of security (supported continuation of naval blockade), not too harsh penalties as wanted to export to Germany
• Vittorio Orlando (Italy)- territorial gains (led to fears of imperialism)
• Woodrow Wilson (USA)- idealist, world peace- promoted the League of Nations. Presented a 14 point peace plan (‘peace without victory’) that was rejected
• Georges Clemenceau (France)-

Question 2

Identify the key features of the Treaty of Versailles.

Answer 2

• Germany lost all overseas colonies and had to give territories to neighbours- in total they lost 13% of their territory
• Military was vastly reduced, German Army reduced to 100,000 volunteers. Conscription banned.
• The Rhineland was de-militarised and an Allied occupation army remained there for 15 years
• German Navy only allowed 6 battleships and no tanks, submarines or aircraft allowed
• Germany had to accept responsibility for the war
• Reparation payments were decided upon later (May, 1921) with Germany having to pay 132 billion gold marks (US$33 Billion)

Question 3

Name the 5 treaties signed at the Paris Peace conference and their dates

Answer 3

1. Versailles
(28th June, 1919)
2. St. Germain
(10th Sept. 1919)
3. Neuilly
(27th Nov. 1919)
4. Trianon
(4th June, 1920)
5. Sevres
(10th Aug, 1920)

Question 4

Who was the Treaty of St. Germain signed between and what were the main features?

Answer 4

Allies and Austria: limits to military, reparations,

lost territories and empire broken up

Question 5

Who was the Treaty of Nueilly signed between and what were the main features?

Answer 5

Allies and Bulgaria: limits to military, 2.25 billion

francs, small areas taken away

Question 6

Who was the Treaty of Trianon signed between and what were the main features?

Answer 6

Allies and Hungary: limits to military, reparations,

lost territories and empire broken up

Question 7

Who was the Treaty of Sevres signed between and what were the main features?

Answer 7

Allies and Turkey: limits to military, lost territory to

Greece and Italy, serious backlash and revision

Question 8

What were the collective consequences of the treaties?

Answer 8

• Failed to provide widely popular solutions to the war
• Destroyed empires (Austro-Hungarian, German and Ottoman)
• Created new nations (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, etc.)
• Promoted nationalist aspirations (Middle East, Europe, etc.)
• Widespread resentment (Germany, Italy, Indochina, Middle East, etc.)