Surveillance Flashcards
1
Q
What is the nominal range of secondary radar?
A
255nm
2
Q
Which transponder type does not give level information?
A
Mode A
3
Q
Which transponder types give level information?
A
Mode C and Mode S
4
Q
Which transponder type has a globally unique code allocated to the airframe?
A
Mode S
5
Q
If not coupled to an FDR, what will show on an ASD with Mode S?
A
Will show registration but not callsign if not coupled
6
Q
What is the effective maximum range of ADS-B?
A
250nm
7
Q
Which aircraft must be ADS-B equipped?
A
All IFR aircraft, excluding State and Military
8
Q
What information is transmitted in an ADS-B squitter? (8)
A
- Flight ID and 24 bit airframe code
- Position
- Position integrity
- Barometric altitude
- RoC / RoD
- Track angle and velocity
- Emergency indication
- Special Position Indicator (squawk ident)
9
Q
How does ADS-C differ from ADS-B?
A
ADS-C is not a continuous surveillance system (therefore cannot use surveillance separation / coordination standards).
Report transmitted every 12 minutes.
10
Q
What does a Area (R) rating authorise the holder to do?
A
Authorises the person to provide area Radar control services as specified for each Endorsement acquired under the Rating
11
Q
In case of radar failure, does an ATC with a Radar rating also require a Procedural Control rating in order to apply procedural separation?
A
No, a Radar Rating implies that training has ensured a competency standard to safely and adequately resolve immediate traffic management issues in the event of system failure
12
Q
What is the order of precedence in which tracks shall be displayed if there are several sources of position information?
A
- Radar
- ADS-B
- ADS-C
- FPL
13
Q
What are the coupling corridor VSPs?
A
- 20nm radius at ADEP/ADES
- 10nm ether side of route(i.e. 20nm corridor width).
- 20nm radius around turning points.
- 110nm semi circle perpendicular to Boundary Position
14
Q
Is coupling shared across different FDRGs?
A
No
15
Q
What are the three things required before auto coupling will occur?
A
- An FDR with an ASSR must exist.
- Aircraft must be within coupling corridor.
- FPL state must be CORD or later
16
Q
What are three things to consider before a Surveillance Control Service is permitted to be provided?
A
- Airspace class
- Type of Flight
- Aircraft must be identified
17
Q
To what type of flights in what classes of airspace would a SIS be provided?
A
VFR in class E or G
18
Q
What are the communications requirements for providing a SIS?
A
Continuous two way communications (i.e. no HF)
19
Q
Must aircraft be identified before providing a SIS?
A
Yes
20
Q
Who separates VFR flights from terrain when a SIS is being provided?
A
Pilot
21
Q
May a SIS be handed off to the next sector?
A
Yes, provided it is coordinated and approved by the next sector
22
Q
What non-discrete SSR code ‘3000’ reserved for?
A
Civil flights in A, C and D airspace, or IFR flights in E airspace
23
Q
What is non-discrete SSR code ‘2000’ reserved for?
A
Civil IFR flights in G airpace
24
Q
What non-discrete SSR code ‘1200’ reserved for?
A
Civil VFR flights in E or G airspace
25
What non-discrete SSR code '5000' reserved for?
Military flights in A, C, D or E airspace
26
What is non-discrete SSR code '6000' reserved for?
Military flights in G airspace
27
What is non-discrete SSR code'4000' reserved for?
Civil flights not involved in special operations or SAR, operating in G airspace in excess of 15nm offshore
28
What is non-discrete SSR code '7615' reserved for?
Civil flights engaged in littoral surveillance
29
What is non-discrete SSR code '2100' reserved for?
Ground testing by aircraft maintenance staff
30
What is non-discrete SSR code '100' reserved for?
Tower airspace (Tower ATC assignment)
31
What is non-discrete SSR code '7000' reserved for?
RPAS
32
What is non-discrete SSR code'7400' reserved for?
RPAS lost link emergency code
33
How long is identification maintained for?
Until identification service is terminated
34
What are the four procedures for establishing identification?
1. Correlating alpha-numeric label with position symbol
2. Transfer of identification
3. Observed compliance with instruction to operate SPI, change to specific SSR code or transmit ADS-B IDENT
4. Correlating RPI with manoeuvres of a departing aircraft which acknowledged instructions to that effect
35
Position information should be provided with reference to? (5)
1. Bearing or track and distance from significant point
2. Well known geographical location
3. Distance to runway touchdown if aircraft is on final
4. Distance to runway touchdown as track miles to run
5. Distance and direction from centre line of ATS route
36
What are the three processors in ADS-B architecture?
1. AFP (ADS-B Front Processor)
2. AMP (ADS-B Multi Track Processor
3. SNMAP (Safety Net Monitoring Aid Processor
37
What is the function of the AFP?
Message checking, figure of merit processing, site monitor management
38
What is the function of the AMP?
QNH correction, track extrapolation, sync with RDP (Radar Data Processor), track update
39
What is the function of the SNMAP?
Track coupling, APR, alert and alarm processing
40
For system purposes, what is the accuracy of an ADS-B track?
+- 0.5nm
41
What is the phraseology for an ADS-B aircraft to trigger the SPI?
Transmit ADS-B Ident
42
Where does the system look to match the 24 bit code transmitted by an ADS-B aircraft?
Field 18 of the flight plan: CODE/XXXXXX
43
When will ADS-B decoupling occur? (5)
1. Coupled track is cancelled (leaves coverage)
2. Coupled FDR is cancelled
3. Flight ID changes and this was basis for coupling
4. ICAO 24 bit code in FDR modified and this was basis for coupling
5. Coupled track enters 1nm of ADES + VSP time
44
What must pilots do if their ADS-B doesn't comply with approved equipment configuration?
1. After landing, pilot must contact NOC by phone
2. Include RMK/ADSB UNSERVICABLE in flight plan
45
What are the abbreviations for pressure altitude derived level information from the following sources?
1. Radar
2. ADS-B
3. ADS-C
1. MCL
2. ABL
3. ADL
46
Is identification retained if changing between ABL and MCL?
Yes
47
How is PADLI verified?
Simultaneous comparison with altimeter-derived level information received from same aircraft by radio
48
What is the phraseology to ask a pilot to verify PADLI?
VERIFY LEVEL
49
What is the tolerance for verifying PADLI?
+- 200ft
50
What should you do if the tolerance for verification of PADLI is exceeded?
1. Tell pilot
2. Request check of pressure setting
3. Confirm current level.
If unable to fix, request pilot to stop PADLI transmission and advise next ATC unit
51
What should you do if MCL is blank?
Instruct pilot: SQUAWK CHARLIE
If unable to fix, enter PRL in the label data: PXXX
52
What should you do if MCL is incorrect?
Instruct pilot: CHECK ALTIMETER SETTING AND CONFIRM LEVEL or STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE, WRONG INDICATION
If unable to fix, enter PRL in label data: PXXX
53
Does ABL require SSR interrogation?
No, obtained from squitter via aircraft transponder
54
Why might an ABL be blank?
1. Due to aircraft being below FL130 in area without QNH data
2. Pilot or avionics problem
55
What should you do if an ABL is blank?
Instruct pilot: TRANSMIT ADS-B ALTITUDE
If unable to fix, enter PRL in label data: PXXX
56
What should you do if an ABL is incorrect?
Instruct pilot: CHECK ALTIMETER SETTING AND CONFIRM LEVEL or STOP ADS-B ALTITUDE TRANSMISSION, WRONG INDICATION
If unable to fix, enter PRL in label data: PXXX
57
What are the requirements for a verified PADLI to indicate maintaining a level?
Three or more consecutive paints within 200ft of assigned level or 15 seconds
58
What are the requirements for a verified PADLI to indicate a level has been vacated?
Change of at least 400ft in expected direction
59
What are the requirements for a verified PADLI to indicate a level has been passed?
Change of at least 400ft in expected direction
60
When an ADS-B or Radar track changes to a FPT or ADS-C track, what happens to the ABL/MCL?
Is this useable for separation and if so what buffers apply?
Last valid PADLI is inserted in PRL or ADL field.
Usable for separation, same 200ft/400ft buffers apply
61
What does INV indicate in MCL field?
MCL data invalid (usually only lasts for a few updates)
62
Traffic information must be passed when an aircraft is leaving CTA on descent and the PADLI of observed traffic indicates that it is operating within how many feet of the base of CTA?
2000ft
63
What is the minimum general surveillance separation standard?
5nm
64
What is the minimum surveillance standard in UFB conditions?
10nm
65
What is the minimum surveillance standard within a TCU?
3nm
66
What is the definite passing surveillance standard?
T7d - Aircraft are on reciprocal tracks and observed to have definitely passed and position symbols are not touching
67
To measure the distance between two surveillance tracks, from where on each symbol should you measure?
Centre to centre
68
What phrase is used to advise a pilot that they are leaving the controlled airspace boundary? When is the only circumstance that this isn't required?
CONTROL SERVICES TERMINATED.
Not required when leaving CTA on descent
69
What phrase is used to advise a pilot that they are leaving surveillance coverage?
IDENTIFICATION TERMINATED
70
BRL measurement may not be used for horizontal distance separation if display exceeds how many nm?
3500nm
71
What are the lateral and vertical parameters for when wake turbulence separation must be applied?
When aircraft are: within 760m laterally at the same level. Less than 1000ft below.
72
What is the radar separation minima for a heavy behind heavy?
4nm
73
What is the radar separation minima for a medium behind heavy?
5nm
74
What is the radar separation minima for a light behind heavy?
6nm
75
What is the radar separation minima for a light behind a medium?
5nm
76
What is the radar separation minima for a heavy behind a super heavy?
6nm
77
What is the radar separation minima for a medium behind a super heavy?
7nm
78
What is the radar separation minima for a light behind a super heavy?
8nm
79
What wake turbulence category do B757, H47 and H53 aircraft fall under?
Heavy if leading, medium if following
80
Which are the three aircraft types that are classified as heavy if leading and medium if following?
B757, H47, H53
81
What is the wake turbulence separation exception for light behind medium?
5nm does not apply if the medium is < 25,000kg (F50, SF340, F27)
82
When must wake turbulence separation be applied to a VFR aircraft?
When it will operate in the wake turbulence envelope of a super heavy aircraft
83
Which are the two track symbols that may not be used for radar separation?
FPT (Square) ADS-C (triangle)
84
What are the requirements for using a BRL to display procedural navigation tolerances?
1. Smallest display range
2. Angle measured must be in relation to the bearing of nominal track
3. Correction of 2deg must be applied
85
If two aircraft are on the same track at the same level and the leading aircraft leaves surveillance coverage, when must a non-radar separation standard be established by?
Before the following aircraft arrives within 5nm of last radar position of lead aircraft
86
When an aircraft leaves surveillance coverage, when does radar separation exist for a reciprocal identified track?
When the identified aircraft has passed the last radar observed position of the outbound aircraft by the radar standard (5nm)
87
How far must aircraft be kept from an airspace boundary?
Half the applicable standard from the boundary
88
How far must aircraft be kept from an airspace boundary when there are different surveillance separation minima on each side of the boundary?
Half of the larger of the two minima from the boundary
89
What HMI would be used to show a surveillance distance of 22nm between two aircraft at time 10?
22S@10
90
How far must a surveillance system position symbol be from an AOC to be proven clear?
At least the applicable surveillance standard
91
May ADS-B symbols be displayed and used for separation during a RAIM outage?
Yes, for procedural separation only
92
When does the RAIM button turn blue?
30min before predicted outage
93
When does the RAIM button turn yellow?
5min before predicted outage
94
Are ADS-B tracks permitted to be vectored within a RAIM outage area?
No, unless in SSR coverage
95
Are ABLs valid during RAIM outage?
Yes
96
Are enroute ASDs displayed in True or Magnetic?
TRUE
97
What are five reasons that ATC vector aircraft?
1. Apply surveillance separation
2. Flow traffic
3. Maximise airspace usage
4. Noise abatement
5. Hazardous weather avoidance
98
What are five prohibitions on vectoring?
1. Don't vector FPT or ADS-C tracks
2. Don't vector radar / ADS-B tracks to avoid FPT or ADS-C tracks
3. Don't vector SVFR except in emergency
4. Don't vector aircraft OCTA except in emergency
5. Don't vector aircraft a pilot calculated LSALT that is below grid LSALT
99
Who is responsible for terrain clearance when ATC is vectoring an aircraft
1. In CTA
2. 2. OCTA
1. ATC
2. Pilot
100
When terminating a vector, what information must be given to the pilot?
Position information and either:
1. Heading to intercept track of a navaid
2. Clearance direct to a navaid
3. Clearance direct to a waypoint
101
What effect does a 30deg turn have on a jet's forward speed?
Slow by approx 1nm/min
102
What effect does a 45deg turn have on a jet's forward speed?
Slow by approx 2nm/min
103
What effect does a 60deg turn have on a aircraft's forward speed?
Halve forward speed
104
What effect does a 90deg turn have on a aircraft's forward speed?
Reduces all forward speed - increases distance from the point it was tracking towards
105
Which HMI display states will alerts be received for?
1. Handover-in
2. Jurisdiction
3. Handover-out
106
What HMI must be completed if alerts have been inhibited for an aircraft?
Record acronym for inhibited alert in label data field
107
Who is responsible for assessing and resolving an alert when an aircraft is in handover stage?
The transferring controller
108
How far does the system look ahead for STCA function?
90sec
109
Will a STCA trigger between two Target tracks? Why?
No, must be at least one Source (coupled surveillance) track
110
Will a STCA trigger between a Radar track and an ADS-B track?
No
111
Are surveillance tracks at the DAIW lower and upper levels considered to be within or outside the area?
Outside
112
What does SSR code 7700 indicate?
General emergency
113
What does SSR code 7600 indicate?
Communications failure
114
What does SSR code 7500 indicate?
Unlawful interference
115
What are the equivalent ADS-B and ADS-C codes for 7700, 7600 and 7500?
No equivalents - generic emergency code only
ADS-B - EMG
ADS-C - ADC
116
When aircraft display a CPDLC emergency code, what happens to the reporting period?
Changes to 5 minutes
117
How many degrees of heading deviation will trigger a RAM alert?
More than 90deg
118
What are the VSPs for RAM alerts around:
1. ADEP
2. ADES
3. Turning points
1. 30nm
2. 30nm
3. 8nm
119
What is the VSPs for RAM alerts either side of route?
7.5nm either side (for both published and unpublished routes)
120
What happens to APRs when an aircraft leaves and then re-enters the RAM corridor?
APR sent on leaving and re-entering RAM corridor. APRs not sent when track is outside RAM corridor
121
What is a PLM alert?
Predicted Level Mismatch. Triggers when Pilot Selected Altitude differs from CFL
122
Will a DUPE alert trigger for a radar track and ADS-B track coupled to the same flight plan?
No, only between surveillance tracks of the same type
123
May an aircraft without a serviceable SSR transponder be issued an airways clearance into airspace in which surveillance system separation is provided exclusively by SSR?
No
124
What actions should be taken if an aircraft's transponder is playing up?
1. Recycle
2. Change Code
3. Change attitude of aircraft (shielding)
4. Report (blacklist)
125
What impact will loss of surveillance data have on ATC? (6)
1. Separation standard changed
2. Vectoring not possible
3. Surveillance Services Terminated
4. Position and PETO required
5. Verbal Position reports commence
6. Coordination requirements changed
126
What are the three contract types for ADS-C?
1. Periodic
2. Demand
3. Event
127
What must a controller do on receipt of an ADS-C Event report?
1. Verify the report
2. Ensure separation
3. Request Demand report
4. Increase periodic rate to 2min (if required)
128
May ADS-C reporting be used in lieu of voice or CPDLC position reports?
Yes
129
ADS-C level reports must not be used for vertical separation when the reported ADS level is below ...?
FL130
130
Is an ADS-C report symbol received beyond an AOC confirmation that the aircraft has left the AOC?
Yes.
Note - REPORT symbol only, not EXTRAPOLATED symbol
131
Change the PCL fields when an aircraft will maintain an intermediate CFL for _______?
A period exceeding 5 minutes
132
In the event of radar failure what standard may be applied?
Half the applicable standard, so long as traffic is passed.
133
What information can be used from a low priority ADS-B track?
Level.
134
Inhibit the STCA on an individual basis for:
1. Aircraft involved in formation flight
2. Aircraft operating in close proximity where pilots are assigned separation responsibility
3. Military aircraft involved in MARSA operations
135
STCA Parameters
TMA: 2.1NM
En Route: 4.8NM
136
Alert Hierarchy
1. System detected Safety Net critical event requiring immediate intervention (STCA, MSAW, DAIW)
2. Aircraft originated notification of emergency or critical item (EMG, RAD, HIJ, LNK, CPD, ADC)
3. System detected non-conformance or potential priority 1 event, high priority (CFL? CLAM, RAM, DUP)
4. System detected non-conformance event, medium priority (SAR)
5. System detected non-conformance event, low priority (MPR, ETO, CORD)
137
True or False. STCA processing can be performed between surveillance tracks of different types.
False. STCA processing can only be performed Radar track to Radar track or ADS-B track to ADS-B track
