Surgical Terms I Should Know Flashcards
achlorhydria
abscence of hydrocholric acid in the stomach
adventia
outer coat of the wall of a vein or artery (composed of loose CT)
celiotomy
surgical incision into the peritoneal cavity (laparotomy = celiotomy)
cleido
clavicle
cor pulmonale
Enlargement of the R ventricle caused by lung disease and resultant pulmonary hypertension
direct bilirubin
conjugated bilirubin (indirect = unconjugated)
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
gastropexy
surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall
hidradenitits
inflammation of the apocrine glands, usually caused by a blockage
induration
abnormal hardening of a tissue or organ
inspissated
hard
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle
lieno-
denoting the spleen
odynophagia
painful swallowing
phlebolith
calcification in a vein- a vein stone
plicae circulares
circular folds in the lumens of the small intestine
plicae semilunares
folds into the lumen of the large intestine
pneumaturia
passage of urine containing air
pseudocyst
fluid filled cavity resembling a true cyst, but NOT lined with epithelium
succus
fluid (eg. succus entericus is fluid from the bowel of the lumen
tenesmus
urge to defecate with inefficient straining
Allen’s test
test for patency of ulnar artery prior to placing a radial arterial line or performing and ABG: Examiner occludes both ulnar and radial arteries with fingers as patients makes fist; patient opens fist wile examiner releases ulnar artery occlusion to asses blood flow to hand (28% of pop, have complete radial artery dominance)
ballance’s sign
constant dullness to percussion in the L flank/ LUQ and resonance to percussion in the R flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma
Beck’s triad
seen in cardiac tamponade
- JVD
- Decreased or muffled heart sounds
- Decreased BP
Bergman’s triad
Seen with fat emboli syndrome
- Mental status change
- Petechiae (often in the axilla/thorax)
- Dyspnea
Blumer’s shelf
Metastatic disease to the rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a “shelf” that is palpable on rectal examination
Boas’ sign
R subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis
Borchardt’s triad
seen with gastric volvulus
- Emesis followed by retching
- Epigastric distension
- Failure to pass and NGT
Carcinoid triad
seen with carcinoid syndrome (think FDR)
- Flushing
- Diarrhea
- R-sided heart failure
Charcot’s tirad
seen with dementia
- Fever (chills)
- Jaundice
- R upper quadrant pain
Courvoisier’s law
enlarged nontender gallbladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct, most commonly seen with pancreatic cancer. (NOT seen with gallstone obstruction because the gallbladder is scarred secondary to chronic cholelithaisis)
Cullen’s sign
Bluish discoloration of the periumblical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (eg. acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)
Cushings triad
Signs of increased intracranial pressure
- Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
Dance’s sign
Empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal intusseception
Fothergill’s sign
used to differentiate an intraabdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if mass is felt while there is tension on the musculature, then it is in the wall (ie. sitting up half way)
Fox’s sign
Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding
Grey Turner’s sign
Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retroperitoneum (think: TURNer’s = TURN side to side = flank)
Hamman’s sign/crunch
Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum; seen with Boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc)
Howship-Romberg sign
Painalong the inner aspect of the thigh; seen with an obturator hernia as the result of a nerve compression
Kehr’s sign
Severe L shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture (as a result of referred pain from diagphragmatic irritation
Kelly’s sign
Visible peristalisis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction used to identify the ureter during surgery
Krukenberg tumor
metastatic tumor of the ovary (classically from gastric cancer)
Laplace’s law
wall tension = pressure x radius (thus the colon perforates preferentially at the cecum becauese of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension
McBurney’s point
one third the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two
Meckels diverticulum rule
2% of the population, 2% are symptomatic, 2 feet from the ileocecal valve
obturator sign
pain upon internal rotation of the leg with the hip and knee flexed; seen in patients with appendicitis/pelvic abscess
pheochromocytoma SYMPTOMS triad
think of the first 3 letters PHE-
- palpitations
- headache
- episodic diaphoresis
pheochromocytoma rules of 10s
10% bilateral, 10% malignant, 10% in children, 10% extra-adrenal, 10% have multiple tumors
psoas sign
pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension, seen with appendicitis and psoas inflammation
Reynold’s pentad
- Fever
- Jaundice
- RUQ pain
4.Mental status changes - shock/sepsis
thus charcot’s triad plus #4 and #5 seen with patients in suppurative cholangitis
Saints triad
- cholelitiasis
- hiatal hernia
- diverticular disease
silk glove sign
indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient; the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
Sister Mary Joseph sign
metastatic node to umbilical lymph node
Virchows node
metastatic tumor to L supraclavicular node (classically due to gastric cancer
Virchows triad
risk factors for thrombosis
- stasis
- abnormal/damagaed endothelium
- hypercoaguability
Valentino’s sign
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ
Westermark’s sign
decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a patient with pulmonary embolus
Whipples triad
Evidence for insulinoma
- Hypoglycemia (<50)
- CNS and vasomotor symptoms (eg. syncope, diaphroesis)
- Relief of symptoms with administration of glucose
afferent loop syndrome
obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunosty
blind loop syndrome
bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by statis
Boerhaave’s syndrome
esophageal perforation
Budd Chiari
thrombosis of the hepatic vein
carcinoid syndrome
syndrome of B FDR Bronchospasm Flushing Diarrhea Rsided HF
dumping syndrome
deliver of a large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after a vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/gastrojunostomy); results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
gardner’s syndrome
GI polyps and associated findings of sebaceous cysts, osteomas, and desmoid tumors (SOD), polyps have high malignancy potential.
Leriche’s syndrome
Claudication of buttocks and thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of legs (seen with iliac occlusive disease (think CIA)
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Post-emesis/ -retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction
Mendelson’s syndrome
Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents
Mirizzi’s syndrome
Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct
Ogilvie’s syndrome
Massive NONOBSTRUCTIVE colonic dilation
Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome
Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation (think Peutz= pigmentation)
Plummer - Vinson syndrome
- esophageal webs
- iron-deficiency anemia
3.dysphagia - spoon-shaped nails
- atrophic oral and tongue mucosa
Typically occurs in elderly women: 10% develop squamous cell
refeeding syndrome
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient
Rendu-Osler-Weber (ROW) Syndrome
Syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia/ A-V malformations
short gut syndrome?
Malnutrition resulting from <200cm of viable bowel
Tietze syndrome
costochondritis of rib cartilage; aseptic (treat with NSAIDs)
toxic shock syndrome
staph aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation - especially palms and soles)
Trousseau’s syndrome
Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis associated with carcinoma
what is another name for wermer syndrome?
MEN I
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Gastrinoma and PUD
