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My Surgical Recall > Surgical Terms I Should Know > Flashcards

Surgical Terms I Should Know Flashcards

1
Q

achlorhydria

A

abscence of hydrocholric acid in the stomach

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2
Q

adventia

A

outer coat of the wall of a vein or artery (composed of loose CT)

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3
Q

celiotomy

A

surgical incision into the peritoneal cavity (laparotomy = celiotomy)

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4
Q

cleido

A

clavicle

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5
Q

cor pulmonale

A

Enlargement of the R ventricle caused by lung disease and resultant pulmonary hypertension

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6
Q

direct bilirubin

A

conjugated bilirubin (indirect = unconjugated)

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7
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful sexual intercourse

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8
Q

gastropexy

A

surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall

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9
Q

hidradenitits

A

inflammation of the apocrine glands, usually caused by a blockage

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10
Q

induration

A

abnormal hardening of a tissue or organ

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11
Q

inspissated

A

hard

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12
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign tumor of smooth muscle

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13
Q

lieno-

A

denoting the spleen

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14
Q

odynophagia

A

painful swallowing

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15
Q

phlebolith

A

calcification in a vein- a vein stone

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16
Q

plicae circulares

A

circular folds in the lumens of the small intestine

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17
Q

plicae semilunares

A

folds into the lumen of the large intestine

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18
Q

pneumaturia

A

passage of urine containing air

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19
Q

pseudocyst

A

fluid filled cavity resembling a true cyst, but NOT lined with epithelium

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20
Q

succus

A

fluid (eg. succus entericus is fluid from the bowel of the lumen

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21
Q

tenesmus

A

urge to defecate with inefficient straining

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22
Q

Allen’s test

A

test for patency of ulnar artery prior to placing a radial arterial line or performing and ABG: Examiner occludes both ulnar and radial arteries with fingers as patients makes fist; patient opens fist wile examiner releases ulnar artery occlusion to asses blood flow to hand (28% of pop, have complete radial artery dominance)

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23
Q

ballance’s sign

A

constant dullness to percussion in the L flank/ LUQ and resonance to percussion in the R flank seen with splenic rupture/hematoma

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24
Q

Beck’s triad

A

seen in cardiac tamponade

  1. JVD
  2. Decreased or muffled heart sounds
  3. Decreased BP
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25
Q

Bergman’s triad

A

Seen with fat emboli syndrome

  1. Mental status change
  2. Petechiae (often in the axilla/thorax)
  3. Dyspnea
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26
Q

Blumer’s shelf

A

Metastatic disease to the rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a “shelf” that is palpable on rectal examination

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27
Q

Boas’ sign

A

R subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

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28
Q

Borchardt’s triad

A

seen with gastric volvulus

  1. Emesis followed by retching
  2. Epigastric distension
  3. Failure to pass and NGT
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29
Q

Carcinoid triad

A

seen with carcinoid syndrome (think FDR)

  1. Flushing
  2. Diarrhea
  3. R-sided heart failure
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30
Q

Charcot’s tirad

A

seen with dementia

  1. Fever (chills)
  2. Jaundice
  3. R upper quadrant pain
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31
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

enlarged nontender gallbladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct, most commonly seen with pancreatic cancer. (NOT seen with gallstone obstruction because the gallbladder is scarred secondary to chronic cholelithaisis)

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32
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of the periumblical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (eg. acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)

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33
Q

Cushings triad

A

Signs of increased intracranial pressure

  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Irregular respirations
34
Q

Dance’s sign

A

Empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal intusseception

35
Q

Fothergill’s sign

A

used to differentiate an intraabdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if mass is felt while there is tension on the musculature, then it is in the wall (ie. sitting up half way)

36
Q

Fox’s sign

A

Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding

37
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retroperitoneum (think: TURNer’s = TURN side to side = flank)

38
Q

Hamman’s sign/crunch

A

Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum; seen with Boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc)

39
Q

Howship-Romberg sign

A

Painalong the inner aspect of the thigh; seen with an obturator hernia as the result of a nerve compression

40
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

Severe L shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture (as a result of referred pain from diagphragmatic irritation

41
Q

Kelly’s sign

A

Visible peristalisis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction used to identify the ureter during surgery

42
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

metastatic tumor of the ovary (classically from gastric cancer)

43
Q

Laplace’s law

A

wall tension = pressure x radius (thus the colon perforates preferentially at the cecum becauese of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension

44
Q

McBurney’s point

A

one third the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two

45
Q

Meckels diverticulum rule

A

2% of the population, 2% are symptomatic, 2 feet from the ileocecal valve

46
Q

obturator sign

A

pain upon internal rotation of the leg with the hip and knee flexed; seen in patients with appendicitis/pelvic abscess

47
Q

pheochromocytoma SYMPTOMS triad

A

think of the first 3 letters PHE-

  1. palpitations
  2. headache
  3. episodic diaphoresis
48
Q

pheochromocytoma rules of 10s

A

10% bilateral, 10% malignant, 10% in children, 10% extra-adrenal, 10% have multiple tumors

49
Q

psoas sign

A

pain elicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension, seen with appendicitis and psoas inflammation

50
Q

Reynold’s pentad

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain
    4.Mental status changes
  4. shock/sepsis
    thus charcot’s triad plus #4 and #5 seen with patients in suppurative cholangitis
51
Q

Saints triad

A
  1. cholelitiasis
  2. hiatal hernia
  3. diverticular disease
52
Q

silk glove sign

A

indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient; the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger

53
Q

Sister Mary Joseph sign

A

metastatic node to umbilical lymph node

54
Q

Virchows node

A

metastatic tumor to L supraclavicular node (classically due to gastric cancer

55
Q

Virchows triad

A

risk factors for thrombosis

  1. stasis
  2. abnormal/damagaed endothelium
  3. hypercoaguability
56
Q

Valentino’s sign

A

RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ

57
Q

Westermark’s sign

A

decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a patient with pulmonary embolus

58
Q

Whipples triad

A

Evidence for insulinoma

  1. Hypoglycemia (<50)
  2. CNS and vasomotor symptoms (eg. syncope, diaphroesis)
  3. Relief of symptoms with administration of glucose
59
Q

afferent loop syndrome

A

obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunosty

60
Q

blind loop syndrome

A

bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by statis

61
Q

Boerhaave’s syndrome

A

esophageal perforation

62
Q

Budd Chiari

A

thrombosis of the hepatic vein

63
Q

carcinoid syndrome

A 
syndrome of B FDR
Bronchospasm
Flushing
Diarrhea
Rsided HF
64
Q

dumping syndrome

A

deliver of a large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after a vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/gastrojunostomy); results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

65
Q

gardner’s syndrome

A

GI polyps and associated findings of sebaceous cysts, osteomas, and desmoid tumors (SOD), polyps have high malignancy potential.

66
Q

Leriche’s syndrome

A

Claudication of buttocks and thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of legs (seen with iliac occlusive disease (think CIA)

67
Q

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

A

Post-emesis/ -retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction

68
Q

Mendelson’s syndrome

A

Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents

69
Q

Mirizzi’s syndrome

A

Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct

70
Q

Ogilvie’s syndrome

A

Massive NONOBSTRUCTIVE colonic dilation

71
Q

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

A

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation (think Peutz= pigmentation)

72
Q

Plummer - Vinson syndrome

A
  1. esophageal webs
  2. iron-deficiency anemia
    3.dysphagia
  3. spoon-shaped nails
  4. atrophic oral and tongue mucosa
    Typically occurs in elderly women: 10% develop squamous cell
73
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient

74
Q

Rendu-Osler-Weber (ROW) Syndrome

A

Syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia/ A-V malformations

75
Q

short gut syndrome?

A

Malnutrition resulting from <200cm of viable bowel

76
Q

Tietze syndrome

A

costochondritis of rib cartilage; aseptic (treat with NSAIDs)

77
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

staph aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation - especially palms and soles)

78
Q

Trousseau’s syndrome

A

Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis associated with carcinoma

79
Q

what is another name for wermer syndrome?

A

MEN I

80
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrinoma and PUD

My Surgical Recall (2 decks)

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