Surgical Terms And Digestive System Flashcards
chromosomes
found in the cell nucleus. contain the recipe for making a living thing and are made of strands of DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucliec acid
handrails of DNA are made of
nucleotides
step of DNA are made of
bases
4 Bases used in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
Genes
Segments of DNA
Gregor Medel
first to describe how traits are inherited from generation to generation
generation
offspring that results from reproduction
phenotype
the observable characteristics or traits
Genotype
your genetic identity
Traits
are found in phenotype and genotype of an organism (eye color, genetic diseases)
Dominant Trait
trait that will appear if one of the parents contributed it
Recessive
must be contributed by both parents to make it appear
Homozygous
carries two dominant or two recessive genes for a trait
Heterozygous
carries two different genes for a trait
Tumor
area of uncontrolled cell growth
Tumor suppression genes
protective genes that limit cell growth
Benign tumor
growth that is not cancer
Malignant Tumor
can invade and destroy nearby tissue
Metastasis
a cancerous cell will enter the blood or lymph system and spread to a different part of the body
Germline Mutations
occurs in the sperm or egg and is passed onto the offspring
Acquired Mutations
genes are damaged sometime during an animals life (Radiation UV, Viruses, Age)
Oncogene
a mutation turns a healthy cell into a cancerous cell
Autoclave
device used to sterilize instruments with pressurized superheated steam,
Catheter
a tube inserted into the narrow opening for removal of or introduction to fluid
Cautery
an agent or instrument used to destroy abnormal tissue by burning, searing, or scarring including caustic substances, electric currents, lasers, and very hot or very cold instruments
Drain
tube or wick used to draw fluid from body cavity or surface
Endotracheal Tube
tube placed into the trachea to allow for a clear airway to lungs
Laryngoscope
device used to assist placement of endotracheal tube
forceps
any of various instruments used to grasp and pull objects
hemostat
device used to stop or prevent hemorrhaging
Scalpel
small pointed surgical knife used to cut tissue
Surgical Staples
device used to close surgical opening without sutures
Surgical Booties
limit fomites brought in sx suites
Suture
sterile thread used to stitch closed a wound or surgical opening
Abrasion
irritation of the skin or mucus membrane
Laceration
wound produced by tearing of the body tissue
Incision
cut made into the body
Constipation
infrequent, Difficult feces
Fracture
break in the bone
Radiograph
x-ray photograph
Anemia
red blood cell deficiency
Hematocrit
laboratory procedure to determine the percentage of red blood cells in the blood
immunity
ability to resist disease
Lethargic
sluggish, low energy
Biopsy
removal and examination of tissues for dianogsis
Specimen
small amount of a body fluid for lab test
Pathology
the study of disease
Parasite
organism living on or in another organism
Digestive System Main Functions
Prehension, transport, breakdown of food. Absorbs Nutrients
Peristalsis
movement of food through the GI Tract
-orexia
means eating
Gastr/o
Stomach
Enter/o
intestines
Chol/e
bile
-pepsia
digestion
Cheeks
formed by buccal muscles and buccal fat pad
Tongue
composed of skeletal muscle
Gums
cover the mandible and maxilla, form a collar around each tooth
Teeth
Deciduous- baby teeth that fall out and replaced
Crown- part projecting from gumline
Neck- part in the gumline
Root-Firmly fixes the tooth in the socket
Salivary Glands
Dissolves and lubricates food to make it easier to swallow
initiates carbohydrate breakdown
Dog Teeth
I3/I3/C1/C/1/P4/P4/M2/M3
42 Permanent Teeth
Cat Teeth
I3/I3/C1/C1/P3/P2/M1/M1
30 Permanent Teeth
Barchydont
Means Short Teeth
Hypsodont
means High Teeth, teeth continues to erupt of grow out
Pharnyx
passageway for air and food
Epiglottis
flap of tissue that closes off airway during swallowing
Esophagus
connects pharynx and stomach
Swallowing Food Steps
Food from mouth to pharynx, block airways for safe passage of food, food is moved through esophagus via peristalsis
Cardiac Sphincter
separates the esophagus from the stomach
Non-Ruminant Stomach Sections
Fundus- rounded section above the opening
Body- Middle Section
Pylorus- lower , small end
Pyloric Sphincter
separates the stomach from the small intestines
The Wall Of the Stomach has 4 Layers
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Chyme
partially digested semiliquid that is passed into the small intestines
Rugae
folds in the stomach that flatten as stomach expands
Cud
bolus containing fiber and other food particles
Stomach Chambers
Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
Rumen
Largest Compartment, serves as fermenting vat
Reticulum
Smallest part of the stomach, acts as a filter for heavy dense feed
Omasum
grind roughage and squeeze out fluid from ingesta
Abomasum
true stomach that secretes digestive enzymes
Duodenum
receives pancreatic and common bile ducts
Jejunum
most nutrient absorption takes place here
Ileum
Longest Section, Nutrient Absorption
Villi
small projections covering the mucosa of the small intestines
Cecum
joins with the ileum in houses, ruminants and pigs
Colon
part of the large intestines that connects cecum to rectum
Rectum
storage of feces
Anus
end of digestive tract, sphincter muscle (da bootyhole)
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Cholecyst/o
Liver
Hepat/o
Liver Lobes
Caudate, Right Lateral, Right Medial, Quadrate , Left Medial , Left Lateral
Pituitary Gland
exerts control over all other glands, found in the head
Hormones
Growth- Somatotrophin
Reproduction- FSH, LH, Prolactin, Oxytocin
Skin Pigmentation - MSH, ACTH
Urination - ADH
Thyroid
Located in Throat, alters metabolic rate
Hypothyroidism
decreased production of metabolic rateLethargy, Weight Gain, Poor Hair Coat
Hyperthyroidism
Increased Production of thyroxine, metabolic rate. Increated appetite and weight loss
Adrenal Glands
Located in the Kidneys, produces mineralocorticoids and Cortisol and Adrenaline
Pineal Glands
Near base of brain, sleep patterns
Pancreas Produces…
insulin, and glucagen
Gonads
Growth, Secondary Sex Characteristics and Reproduction
Epidermis
outer,thinner layer of the skin
Dermis
inner,thicket layer of the skin
Spinous Layer
usually one to two layers thick
Basal Layer
continuously multiplying to compensate for cell loss
Granular Layer
begins to pack cells with a fibrous protein called Keratin
Clear Layer
tightly packed, cornified cells
Horny Layer
flat,lifeless,cornified cells
Keratinization
gives strength to special epidermal parts such as horns, beaks, and hooves
Albinism
absense of normal pigmentation
Cyanosis
Blue hue to the skin when there reduced oxygen supply
Arrector Pili
muscles that attach to hair follicles
Primary Hairs
make up the top coat
Secondary
make up the undercoat
Tactile Hairs
thicker and longer, usually found on face
Hair Papilla
structure in dermis where hair develops
Hair follicle
tube in which hair grows
Growing Patterms
Simple- one hair per follicle (cows and horses)
Compound- 2-5 per )dogs and cats)
shedding - loosing hair
Circumoral glands
– cat rubbing its head on things
Ceruminous Glands
ear wax, located in external ear canal
