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Surgical Technology > Surgical Technology > Flashcards

Surgical Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine is in what category of medications

A

Anticholinergics

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2
Q

Which two medication classifications are combined to produce neuroleptanalgesia?

A

Tranquilizer and narcotic

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3
Q

What is the final strength if 30 mililiters of saline is added to 30 mililiters of 0.5 percent marcaine?

A

0.25 percent marcaine

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4
Q

Can the strength of a medication be increased? for example, marcaine 0.5 percent increased to 1.0 percent?

A

No, it can only be equal or lowered from its manufactured strength

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5
Q

What is the effect of the anticholinergic atropine on the eye?

A

Dilates pupil and inhibits focusing

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6
Q

Which type of medication preparation is a combination of two liquids that cannot mix?

A

Emulsion

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7
Q

What is the action of an antagonist medication?

A

Counteracts action of another medication or neurotransmitter

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8
Q

When epinephrine injected into the body or released by neurotransmitters, it causes what type of action?

A

Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow

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9
Q

Epinephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?

A

adrenergic

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10
Q

What is a brand name or trade name for epinephrine?

A

Adrenalin

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11
Q

What is the generic name for Adrenalin?

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

What is the trade name for phenylephrine hydrochloride?

A

Neosynephrine

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13
Q

What is the generic name for Neosynephrine?

A

Phenylephrine hydrochloride

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14
Q

Phenylephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?

A

Adrenergic

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of phenylephrine?

A

Phenylephrine stimulates alpha-1 receptors which causes vasocnstriction

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16
Q

What is the generic name for codeine?

A

Codeine sulfate

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17
Q

What is the trade name for Codeine Sulfate?

A

Codeine

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18
Q

Codeine belongs to what group of drugs?

A

Analgesics

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for codeine?

A

codeine binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception

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20
Q

What DEA Schedule is Codeine?

A

Codeine is Class III if less than 90 mg per dose in a combined product, such as Tylenol with Codeine. Codeine by itself or greater than 90 mg per dose is Class II Controlled Substance

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?

A

Opioids bind to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception

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22
Q

What DEA Schedule or Class is Fentanyl?

A

Class II Controlled Substance

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23
Q

What is the generic name for Demerol?

A

Meperidine Hydrochloride

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24
Q

What is the trade name for Meperidine?

A

Demerol

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25
Q

What DEA Schedule or Class is Meperidine?

A

Class II controlled substance

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26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of meperidine?

A

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception

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27
Q

What are some common trade names for morphine?

A

MSContin Astramorph Duramorph

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28
Q

What is the generic name for Duramorph, Astramorph, or MSContin?

A

Morphine Sulfate

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29
Q

What DEA Schedule or Class is Morphine?

A

Class II controlled substance

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30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of morphine?

A

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain

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31
Q

Name 3 common Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

A

Aspirin, Ibuprophen and Naproxen

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32
Q

What is the trade name for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Aspirin

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33
Q

What is the generic name for Aspirin

A

Acetylsalicylic acid A.K.A A.S.A.

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34
Q

What are the two main benefits of NSAIDS?

A

Analgesic and antipyretic activity

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35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a non-opioid analgesic?

A

Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain

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36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of an antipyretic agent?

A

Affects the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to reduce temperature

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37
Q

What is the generic name for Advil?

A

Ibuprophen

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38
Q

What is a trade name for ibuprophen?

A

Advil

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39
Q

What are the three effects of ibuprophen?

A

Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting

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40
Q

What is a generic name for Naprosyn?

A

Naproxen Sodium

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41
Q

What is a trade name for Naproxen Sodium?

A

Naprosyn

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42
Q

What are the three effects of Naproxen sodium?

A

Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting

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43
Q

What is a generic name for Toradol?

A

Ketorolac tromethanmine

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44
Q

What is a trade name for Ketorolac Tromethanmine?

A

Toradol

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45
Q

What are the three effects of ketorolac tromethanmine?

A

Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting

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46
Q

What is a generic name for Versed

A

Midazolam hydrochloride

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47
Q

What is a trade name for Midazolam hydrochloride

A

Versed

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48
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Versed? (Midazolam)

A

Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

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49
Q

What is Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

A

A Neurotransmitter

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50
Q

What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines (BZDs)?

A

Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

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51
Q

What is the common use of benzodiazepines in the operating room?

A

Anxiolytic to reduce anxiety

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52
Q

What is the common ending of the name for benzodiazepines?

A

“AM” such as diazepam, lorazepam Alprazolam

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53
Q

What is the the trade name for diazepam?

A

Valium

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54
Q

What is the generic name for Valium?

A

Diazepam

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55
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Valium (diazepam)?

A

Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

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56
Q

What is the trade name for lorazepam

A

Ativan

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57
Q

What is the generic name for Ativan?

A

Lorazepam

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58
Q

What is the mechanism of action for lorazepam?

A

Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA

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59
Q

Interoperative ventricular arrhythimias are treated with what medication?

A

Lidocaine

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60
Q

Name 2 common antiarrhythmic medications?

A

Lidocaine procainamide

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61
Q

what is the trade name for lidocaine hydrochloride

A

Xylocaine

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62
Q

What is the generic name for Xylocaine?

A

Lidocaine hydrochloride

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63
Q

What is the mechanism of action for lidocaine?

A

Decreased depolarization and excitement of the purjinke fibers of the heart to suppress abnormal rhythms

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64
Q

What is the trade name for Procainamide hydrochloride?

A

Pronestyl

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65
Q

What is the generic name for Pronestyl?

A

Procainamide hydrochloride

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66
Q

What is the mechanism of action of procainamide?

A

Decreases excitability and conduction velocity in the heart conduction pathway

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67
Q

Name 2 common aminoglycoside antibiotic medications?

A

Gentamicin, Tobramycin

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68
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mainoglycoside antibiotics?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis causing cell death; therefore bacteriocidal

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69
Q

What is the trade name for Gentamycin Sulfate?

A

Garamycin

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70
Q

What is the generic name for Garamycin?

A

Gentamycin Sulfate

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71
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication

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72
Q

Name 4 common penicillins?

A

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

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73
Q

What is the generic name for Ampicillin?

A

Ampicillin

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74
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ampicillin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication

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75
Q

How are the names of penicillins easily identified?

A

Penicillins end with “cillin” like amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Nafcillin, Piperacillin

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76
Q

What class of antibiotics is closely related to penicillins and why is that important?

A

Cephalosporins are closely related to penicillins. A patient may be allergic to cephalosporins if they have had an allergic reaction to penicillins due to cross reactivity

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77
Q

What is the trade name for Cefazolin Sodium?

A

Ancef

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78
Q

What is the generic name for Ancef?

A

Cefazolin Sodium

79
Q

What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins

80
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin?

A

First generation cephalosporin

81
Q

What is the trade name for cefalexin monohydrate?

A

Keflex

82
Q

What is the generic name for Keflex?

A

Cefalexin Monohydrate

83
Q

What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin?

A

First Generation cephalosporin

84
Q

What is the trade name for Cefotetan?

A

Cefotan

85
Q

What is the generic name for Cefotan?

A

Cefotetan

86
Q

What generation of cephalosporin is cefotetan?

A

Second Generation

87
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cefotetan?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins

88
Q

What are two common trade names for Cefuroxime Sodium?

A

Ceftin
Zinacef

89
Q

What is the generic name for Ceftin or Zinacef?

A

Cefuroxime Sodium

90
Q

What generation of cephalsporin is cefuroxime sodium?

A

Second Generation

91
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cefuroxime Sodium?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins

92
Q

How are the names of cephalosporins easily identified?

A

The generic names begin with “cef” like cefuroxime, cefotetan cefazolin

93
Q

What is the trade name for metronidazole?

A

Flagyl

94
Q

What is the generic name for Flagyl?

A

Metronidazole

95
Q

What antibiotic category is metronidazole?

A

Amebicide antiprotozoal

96
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

A

Enters cells, inhibiting synthesis causing death

97
Q

Metronidazole is effective against what type of bacteria?

A

Anaerobes

98
Q

What is the trade name for bacitracin?

A

Bacitracin

99
Q

What is the generic name for Bacitracin?

A

Bacitracin

100
Q

What antibiotic category is bacitracin?

A

Miscellaneous

101
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bacitracin?

A

Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging the cell

102
Q

What is the trade name for neomycin?

A

Neosporin

103
Q

What is the generic name for Neosporin?

A

Neomycin

104
Q

What antibiotic category is Neomycin?

A

Miscellaneous

105
Q

What is the mechanism of action of neomycin?

A

Hinders cell wall synthesis damaging the cell

106
Q

What are the medication components of Cortisporin?

A

Neomycin
Polymixin B
Bacitracin
Hydrocortisone

107
Q

What is the trade name for the medication that contains neomycin, polymixin B, bacitracin and hydrocortisone?

A

Cortisporin

108
Q

What antibiotic category is Cortisporin?

A

Miscellaneous

109
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cortisporin?

A

Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging cell

110
Q

What is the trade name for vancomycin hydrochloride?

A

Vancocin

111
Q

What is the generic name for Vancocin?

A

Vancomycin hydrochloride

112
Q

What is the antibiotic category of vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide

113
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

A

Hinders cell wall synthesis and inhibits RNA synthesis

114
Q

What is the trade name for Polymixin B?

A

Aerosporin

115
Q

What is the generic name for Aerosporin?

A

Polymixin B

116
Q

What antibiotic category is Polymixin B?

A

Miscellaneous

117
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Polymixin B?

A

Alters the osmotic barrier of the cell membrane

118
Q

What is the trade name for the antibiotic combination of quinupristin/dalfopristin?

A

Synercid

119
Q

What are the two generic medications in Synercid?

A

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

120
Q

What antibiotic category is Synercid?

A

Streptogramin

121
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Synercid?

A

Interferes with protein synthesis inhibiting reproduction

122
Q

What is the trade name of ciprofloxacin?

A

Cipro

123
Q

What is the generic name for Cipro?

A

Ciprofloxacin

124
Q

What antibiotic category is ciprofloxacin?

A

Fluroquinolone

125
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ciprofloxacin?

A

inhibits DNA synthesis; bacteriocidal

126
Q

What is the trade name for silver slufadiazine?

A

Silvadine

127
Q

What is the generic name for Silvadine?

A

Silver Sulfadiazine

128
Q

What antibiotic category is silver sulfadiazine?

A

Sulfonamide

129
Q

What is the mechanism of action for silver sulfadiazine?

A

Acts on the cell wall and cell membrane to kill gram positive and gram negative microbes

130
Q

What is the trade name of Heprarin Sodium?

A

Heparin

131
Q

What is the generic name for Heparin?

A

Heparin Sodium

132
Q

What medication category is Heparin Sodium?

A

Anticoagulant

133
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Heparin Sodium?

A

Prevents conversion of prothrombin into thrombin preventing clot formation

134
Q

Heparin is measured in?

A

Units

135
Q

What medication is used to flush an artery to prevent clotting?

A

Heparin

136
Q

What preoperative medication is used to prevent deep vein thrombosis in bariatric patients?

A

Heparin

137
Q

What is the trade name for warfarin?

A

Coumadin

138
Q

What is the generic name for Coumadin?

A

Warfarin

139
Q

What medication category is warfarin?

A

Anticoagulant

140
Q

What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

A

Prohibits vitamin K dependent activation of clotting factors made in the liver

141
Q

what is the trade name for protamine sulfate?

A

Protamine sulfate

142
Q

What medication category is protamine sulfate?

A

Anticoagulant antagonist

143
Q

What is the mechanism of action of protamine sulfate?

A

An anticoagulant by itself; binds with heparin to inactivate Heparin’s effect

144
Q

What medication is used to flush the harvested saphenous vein during a CABG?

A

Heparanized Saline

145
Q

What is the trade name for droperidol?

A

Inapsine

146
Q

What is the generic name for inapsine?

A

Droperidol

147
Q

What medication category is droperidol?

A

Antiemetic

148
Q

What is the mechanism of action of droperidol?

A

Action unknown, however, it produces sedation and reduced nausea and vomiting

149
Q

What is the trade name for Metoclopramide?

A

Reglan

150
Q

What is the generic name for reglan?

A

Metoclopromide

151
Q

What medication category is Metaclopromide?

A

Antiemetic

152
Q

What is the mechanism of action for metaclopromide?

A

Blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea and vomiting

153
Q

What is the trade name for ondansetron?

A

Zofran

154
Q

What is the generic name for Zofran

A

Ondansetron

155
Q

What medication category is Ondansetron?

A

Antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonist

156
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ondansetron?

A

Blocks serotonin receptors on the Vagus nerve

157
Q

What is the trade name for granisetron?

A

Kytril

158
Q

What is the generic name for Kytril?

A

Granisetron

159
Q

What medication category is granisetron?

A

antiemetic and serotonin receptor antagonist

160
Q

What is the mechanism of action for granisetron?

A

Blocks serotonin receptors on the vagus nerve

161
Q

What is the trade name for dolasetron?

A

Anzemet

162
Q

What is the generic name for Anzemet?

A

Dolasetron

163
Q

What is the medication category of dolasetron?

A

Antiemetic and serotonin receptor antagonist

164
Q

Antiemetics

A

Blocks serotonin receptors on the vagus nerve

165
Q

How are the names of antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonists easily identified?

A

All end with “setron” like ondansteron granisteron

166
Q

What is the trade name for diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl

167
Q

What is the generic name for Benadryl?

A

Diphenhydramine

168
Q

What medication category is diphenhydramine?

A

Antihistamine, first generation

169
Q

What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?

A

Competes with histamine for receptor sites

170
Q

What are the two common trade names for nitroprusside sodium?

A

Nitropress or nipride

171
Q

During a laparoscopic appendectomy, the appendix is perforated, and the contents begin spilling into the abdomen. Which of the following should the surgical technologist anticipate as the NEXT step?
Suction the fluid from the abdomen
Continue removing the appendix as planned
Place a Kelly clamp over the perforation
Close the wound and terminate the procedure

A

Suction the fluid from the abdomen

172
Q

Which of the following terms describes airway assessment by listening with a stethoscope?
Observation
Perfusion
Auscultation
Palpation

A

Auscultation

173
Q

The donor liver OR is prepared for an open laparotomy procedure with basic laparotomy and vascular instruments and accessories. A second sterile, draped medium sized instrument table is set up to receive and prepare the procured liver away from the main sterile field. Select the additional instruments and accessories needed on the donor organ preparation table.

A

Flushing solution, ice chest, sterile ice, powered sternal saw, and long Kocher clamps

174
Q

A 9-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department (ED) after a sledding accident in which he lost control of his sled and crashed into a tree. He is pale and in pain; his abdomen is tender and firm to palpation. The computed tomography (CT) scan suggests rupture of the spleen with internal bleeding. The scheduled surgery will most probably be a (n):

A

Open total Laparotomy

175
Q

Balanced salt solution (BSS) is used intraoperatively to

A

Irrigate the cornea

176
Q

The MIBG scan is a specific type of isotope scan used to identify a problem with the

A

Adrenal gland

177
Q

The Whipple procedure is the removal of the head of the pancreas, the entire duodenum, a portion of the jejunum, the distal third of the stomach, and the ______________ as a surgical treatment for __________

A

Lower half of the common bile duct pancreatic cancer

178
Q

Provides both criminal and civil penalties

A

HIPAA

179
Q

Competency does not include

A

efficiency

180
Q

Osteoclast

A

Breakdown, reabsorption bone cells

181
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone building cell

182
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cell

183
Q

Periosteum

A

Covers bone

184
Q

Endosteum

A

Within the bone where the bone marrow is

185
Q

Cortical bone

A

hard compact

186
Q

Cancellous

A

soft/spongy and contains red blood cells

187
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints

188
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Flexing down

189
Q

Osteoprogenitor

A

Stemcell that is designed to become bone

190
Q

Cortical is found

A

Below the periosteum and in the shaft/long bones

191
Q

Cancellous (spongy bone) is found

A

At the end of long bones

192
Q

Endosteum

A

lines the marrow cavity

193
Q

Basic requirements for homeostasis

A

Water, food and oxygen

Surgical Technology (1 decks)

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