Surgical Technology Flashcards
1
Q
Atropine is in what category of medications
A
Anticholinergics
2
Q
Which two medication classifications are combined to produce neuroleptanalgesia?
A
Tranquilizer and narcotic
3
Q
What is the final strength if 30 mililiters of saline is added to 30 mililiters of 0.5 percent marcaine?
A
0.25 percent marcaine
4
Q
Can the strength of a medication be increased? for example, marcaine 0.5 percent increased to 1.0 percent?
A
No, it can only be equal or lowered from its manufactured strength
5
Q
What is the effect of the anticholinergic atropine on the eye?
A
Dilates pupil and inhibits focusing
6
Q
Which type of medication preparation is a combination of two liquids that cannot mix?
A
Emulsion
7
Q
What is the action of an antagonist medication?
A
Counteracts action of another medication or neurotransmitter
8
Q
When epinephrine injected into the body or released by neurotransmitters, it causes what type of action?
A
Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow
9
Q
Epinephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?
A
adrenergic
10
Q
What is a brand name or trade name for epinephrine?
A
Adrenalin
11
Q
What is the generic name for Adrenalin?
A
Epinephrine
12
Q
What is the trade name for phenylephrine hydrochloride?
A
Neosynephrine
13
Q
What is the generic name for Neosynephrine?
A
Phenylephrine hydrochloride
14
Q
Phenylephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?
A
Adrenergic
15
Q
What is the mechanism of action of phenylephrine?
A
Phenylephrine stimulates alpha-1 receptors which causes vasocnstriction
16
Q
What is the generic name for codeine?
A
Codeine sulfate
17
Q
What is the trade name for Codeine Sulfate?
A
Codeine
18
Q
Codeine belongs to what group of drugs?
A
Analgesics
19
Q
What is the mechanism of action for codeine?
A
codeine binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception
20
Q
What DEA Schedule is Codeine?
A
Codeine is Class III if less than 90 mg per dose in a combined product, such as Tylenol with Codeine. Codeine by itself or greater than 90 mg per dose is Class II Controlled Substance
21
Q
What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
A
Opioids bind to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception
22
Q
What DEA Schedule or Class is Fentanyl?
A
Class II Controlled Substance
23
Q
What is the generic name for Demerol?
A
Meperidine Hydrochloride
24
Q
What is the trade name for Meperidine?
A
Demerol
25
What DEA Schedule or Class is Meperidine?
Class II controlled substance
26
What is the mechanism of action of meperidine?
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception
27
What are some common trade names for morphine?
MSContin Astramorph Duramorph
28
What is the generic name for Duramorph, Astramorph, or MSContin?
Morphine Sulfate
29
What DEA Schedule or Class is Morphine?
Class II controlled substance
30
What is the mechanism of action of morphine?
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain
31
Name 3 common Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Aspirin, Ibuprophen and Naproxen
32
What is the trade name for acetylsalicylic acid?
Aspirin
33
What is the generic name for Aspirin
Acetylsalicylic acid A.K.A A.S.A.
34
What are the two main benefits of NSAIDS?
Analgesic and antipyretic activity
35
What is the mechanism of action of a non-opioid analgesic?
Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain
36
What is the mechanism of action of an antipyretic agent?
Affects the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to reduce temperature
37
What is the generic name for Advil?
Ibuprophen
38
What is a trade name for ibuprophen?
Advil
39
What are the three effects of ibuprophen?
Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting
40
What is a generic name for Naprosyn?
Naproxen Sodium
41
What is a trade name for Naproxen Sodium?
Naprosyn
42
What are the three effects of Naproxen sodium?
Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting
43
What is a generic name for Toradol?
Ketorolac tromethanmine
44
What is a trade name for Ketorolac Tromethanmine?
Toradol
45
What are the three effects of ketorolac tromethanmine?
Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain, affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature, impedes clotting
46
What is a generic name for Versed
Midazolam hydrochloride
47
What is a trade name for Midazolam hydrochloride
Versed
48
What is the mechanism of action for Versed? (Midazolam)
Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA
49
What is Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?
A Neurotransmitter
50
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines (BZDs)?
Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA
51
What is the common use of benzodiazepines in the operating room?
Anxiolytic to reduce anxiety
52
What is the common ending of the name for benzodiazepines?
"AM" such as diazepam, lorazepam Alprazolam
53
What is the the trade name for diazepam?
Valium
54
What is the generic name for Valium?
Diazepam
55
What is the mechanism of action for Valium (diazepam)?
Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA
56
What is the trade name for lorazepam
Ativan
57
What is the generic name for Ativan?
Lorazepam
58
What is the mechanism of action for lorazepam?
Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA
59
Interoperative ventricular arrhythimias are treated with what medication?
Lidocaine
60
Name 2 common antiarrhythmic medications?
Lidocaine procainamide
61
what is the trade name for lidocaine hydrochloride
Xylocaine
62
What is the generic name for Xylocaine?
Lidocaine hydrochloride
63
What is the mechanism of action for lidocaine?
Decreased depolarization and excitement of the purjinke fibers of the heart to suppress abnormal rhythms
64
What is the trade name for Procainamide hydrochloride?
Pronestyl
65
What is the generic name for Pronestyl?
Procainamide hydrochloride
66
What is the mechanism of action of procainamide?
Decreases excitability and conduction velocity in the heart conduction pathway
67
Name 2 common aminoglycoside antibiotic medications?
Gentamicin, Tobramycin
68
What is the mechanism of action of mainoglycoside antibiotics?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis causing cell death; therefore bacteriocidal
69
What is the trade name for Gentamycin Sulfate?
Garamycin
70
What is the generic name for Garamycin?
Gentamycin Sulfate
71
What is the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication
72
Name 4 common penicillins?
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
73
What is the generic name for Ampicillin?
Ampicillin
74
What is the mechanism of action of ampicillin?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication
75
How are the names of penicillins easily identified?
Penicillins end with "cillin" like amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Nafcillin, Piperacillin
76
What class of antibiotics is closely related to penicillins and why is that important?
Cephalosporins are closely related to penicillins. A patient may be allergic to cephalosporins if they have had an allergic reaction to penicillins due to cross reactivity
77
What is the trade name for Cefazolin Sodium?
Ancef
78
What is the generic name for Ancef?
Cefazolin Sodium
79
What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins
80
What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin?
First generation cephalosporin
81
What is the trade name for cefalexin monohydrate?
Keflex
82
What is the generic name for Keflex?
Cefalexin Monohydrate
83
What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin?
First Generation cephalosporin
84
What is the trade name for Cefotetan?
Cefotan
85
What is the generic name for Cefotan?
Cefotetan
86
What generation of cephalosporin is cefotetan?
Second Generation
87
What is the mechanism of action of cefotetan?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins
88
What are two common trade names for Cefuroxime Sodium?
Ceftin
Zinacef
89
What is the generic name for Ceftin or Zinacef?
Cefuroxime Sodium
90
What generation of cephalsporin is cefuroxime sodium?
Second Generation
91
What is the mechanism of action of Cefuroxime Sodium?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis similar to penicillins
92
How are the names of cephalosporins easily identified?
The generic names begin with "cef" like cefuroxime, cefotetan cefazolin
93
What is the trade name for metronidazole?
Flagyl
94
What is the generic name for Flagyl?
Metronidazole
95
What antibiotic category is metronidazole?
Amebicide antiprotozoal
96
What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?
Enters cells, inhibiting synthesis causing death
97
Metronidazole is effective against what type of bacteria?
Anaerobes
98
What is the trade name for bacitracin?
Bacitracin
99
What is the generic name for Bacitracin?
Bacitracin
100
What antibiotic category is bacitracin?
Miscellaneous
101
What is the mechanism of action of bacitracin?
Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging the cell
102
What is the trade name for neomycin?
Neosporin
103
What is the generic name for Neosporin?
Neomycin
104
What antibiotic category is Neomycin?
Miscellaneous
105
What is the mechanism of action of neomycin?
Hinders cell wall synthesis damaging the cell
106
What are the medication components of Cortisporin?
Neomycin
Polymixin B
Bacitracin
Hydrocortisone
107
What is the trade name for the medication that contains neomycin, polymixin B, bacitracin and hydrocortisone?
Cortisporin
108
What antibiotic category is Cortisporin?
Miscellaneous
109
What is the mechanism of action of Cortisporin?
Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging cell
110
What is the trade name for vancomycin hydrochloride?
Vancocin
111
What is the generic name for Vancocin?
Vancomycin hydrochloride
112
What is the antibiotic category of vancomycin?
Glycopeptide
113
What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
Hinders cell wall synthesis and inhibits RNA synthesis
114
What is the trade name for Polymixin B?
Aerosporin
115
What is the generic name for Aerosporin?
Polymixin B
116
What antibiotic category is Polymixin B?
Miscellaneous
117
What is the mechanism of action for Polymixin B?
Alters the osmotic barrier of the cell membrane
118
What is the trade name for the antibiotic combination of quinupristin/dalfopristin?
Synercid
119
What are the two generic medications in Synercid?
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
120
What antibiotic category is Synercid?
Streptogramin
121
What is the mechanism of action for Synercid?
Interferes with protein synthesis inhibiting reproduction
122
What is the trade name of ciprofloxacin?
Cipro
123
What is the generic name for Cipro?
Ciprofloxacin
124
What antibiotic category is ciprofloxacin?
Fluroquinolone
125
What is the mechanism of action for ciprofloxacin?
inhibits DNA synthesis; bacteriocidal
126
What is the trade name for silver slufadiazine?
Silvadine
127
What is the generic name for Silvadine?
Silver Sulfadiazine
128
What antibiotic category is silver sulfadiazine?
Sulfonamide
129
What is the mechanism of action for silver sulfadiazine?
Acts on the cell wall and cell membrane to kill gram positive and gram negative microbes
130
What is the trade name of Heprarin Sodium?
Heparin
131
What is the generic name for Heparin?
Heparin Sodium
132
What medication category is Heparin Sodium?
Anticoagulant
133
What is the mechanism of action of Heparin Sodium?
Prevents conversion of prothrombin into thrombin preventing clot formation
134
Heparin is measured in?
Units
135
What medication is used to flush an artery to prevent clotting?
Heparin
136
What preoperative medication is used to prevent deep vein thrombosis in bariatric patients?
Heparin
137
What is the trade name for warfarin?
Coumadin
138
What is the generic name for Coumadin?
Warfarin
139
What medication category is warfarin?
Anticoagulant
140
What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
Prohibits vitamin K dependent activation of clotting factors made in the liver
141
what is the trade name for protamine sulfate?
Protamine sulfate
142
What medication category is protamine sulfate?
Anticoagulant antagonist
143
What is the mechanism of action of protamine sulfate?
An anticoagulant by itself; binds with heparin to inactivate Heparin's effect
144
What medication is used to flush the harvested saphenous vein during a CABG?
Heparanized Saline
145
What is the trade name for droperidol?
Inapsine
146
What is the generic name for inapsine?
Droperidol
147
What medication category is droperidol?
Antiemetic
148
What is the mechanism of action of droperidol?
Action unknown, however, it produces sedation and reduced nausea and vomiting
149
What is the trade name for Metoclopramide?
Reglan
150
What is the generic name for reglan?
Metoclopromide
151
What medication category is Metaclopromide?
Antiemetic
152
What is the mechanism of action for metaclopromide?
Blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea and vomiting
153
What is the trade name for ondansetron?
Zofran
154
What is the generic name for Zofran
Ondansetron
155
What medication category is Ondansetron?
Antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonist
156
What is the mechanism of action for ondansetron?
Blocks serotonin receptors on the Vagus nerve
157
What is the trade name for granisetron?
Kytril
158
What is the generic name for Kytril?
Granisetron
159
What medication category is granisetron?
antiemetic and serotonin receptor antagonist
160
What is the mechanism of action for granisetron?
Blocks serotonin receptors on the vagus nerve
161
What is the trade name for dolasetron?
Anzemet
162
What is the generic name for Anzemet?
Dolasetron
163
What is the medication category of dolasetron?
Antiemetic and serotonin receptor antagonist
164
Antiemetics
Blocks serotonin receptors on the vagus nerve
165
How are the names of antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonists easily identified?
All end with "setron" like ondansteron granisteron
166
What is the trade name for diphenhydramine?
Benadryl
167
What is the generic name for Benadryl?
Diphenhydramine
168
What medication category is diphenhydramine?
Antihistamine, first generation
169
What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?
Competes with histamine for receptor sites
170
What are the two common trade names for nitroprusside sodium?
Nitropress or nipride
171
During a laparoscopic appendectomy, the appendix is perforated, and the contents begin spilling into the abdomen. Which of the following should the surgical technologist anticipate as the NEXT step?
Suction the fluid from the abdomen
Continue removing the appendix as planned
Place a Kelly clamp over the perforation
Close the wound and terminate the procedure
Suction the fluid from the abdomen
172
Which of the following terms describes airway assessment by listening with a stethoscope?
Observation
Perfusion
Auscultation
Palpation
Auscultation
173
The donor liver OR is prepared for an open laparotomy procedure with basic laparotomy and vascular instruments and accessories. A second sterile, draped medium sized instrument table is set up to receive and prepare the procured liver away from the main sterile field. Select the additional instruments and accessories needed on the donor organ preparation table.
Flushing solution, ice chest, sterile ice, powered sternal saw, and long Kocher clamps
174
A 9-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department (ED) after a sledding accident in which he lost control of his sled and crashed into a tree. He is pale and in pain; his abdomen is tender and firm to palpation. The computed tomography (CT) scan suggests rupture of the spleen with internal bleeding. The scheduled surgery will most probably be a (n):
Open total Laparotomy
175
Balanced salt solution (BSS) is used intraoperatively to
Irrigate the cornea
176
The MIBG scan is a specific type of isotope scan used to identify a problem with the
Adrenal gland
177
The Whipple procedure is the removal of the head of the pancreas, the entire duodenum, a portion of the jejunum, the distal third of the stomach, and the ______________ as a surgical treatment for __________
Lower half of the common bile duct pancreatic cancer
178
Provides both criminal and civil penalties
HIPAA
179
Competency does not include
efficiency
180
Osteoclast
Breakdown, reabsorption bone cells
181
Osteoblast
Bone building cell
182
Osteocytes
Mature bone cell
183
Periosteum
Covers bone
184
Endosteum
Within the bone where the bone marrow is
185
Cortical bone
hard compact
186
Cancellous
soft/spongy and contains red blood cells
187
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
188
Plantar Flexion
Flexing down
189
Osteoprogenitor
Stemcell that is designed to become bone
190
Cortical is found
Below the periosteum and in the shaft/long bones
191
Cancellous (spongy bone) is found
At the end of long bones
192
Endosteum
lines the marrow cavity
193
Basic requirements for homeostasis
Water, food and oxygen
