Surgical Syndromes

Question 1

What is afferent loop syndrome?

Answer 1

Obstruction of the afferent loop of a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy.

Question 2

What is blind loop syndrome?

Answer 2

Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis

Question 3

What is Boerhaave’s syndrome?

Answer 3

Esophageal perforation

Question 4

What is Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Answer 4

Thrombosis of hepatic veins

Question 5

What is carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 5

Syndrome of "B FDR":
Bronchospasm
Flushing
Diarrhea
Right-sided heart failure (caused by factors released by carcinoid tumor).

Question 6

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 6

Compartmental HTN caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, seen in the calf; patient must have a distal pulse.

Question 7

What is cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 7

Excess systemic cortisol

Question 8

What is dumping syndrome?

Answer 8

Delivery of a large amount of hyperosmolar chyme into the small bowel, usually after vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure (pyloraplasty/gastrojejunostomy); results in autonomic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Question 9

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

Answer 9

Perihepatic gonorrhea infection

Question 10

What is Gardner’s syndrome?

Answer 10

GI polyps and associated findings of Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoid tumors (SOD). Polyps have high malignancy potential.

Question 11

What is HITT syndrome?

Answer 11

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia thrombosis. Heparin induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life (also known as white-clot syndrome).

Question 12

What is Leriche’s syndrome?

Answer 12

Iliac occlusive disease: claudication of thigh and buttocks, impotence and atrophy of legs.

Question 13

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Answer 13

Post-emesis tears in gastric mucosa (near GE junction)

Question 14

Mirizzi’s Syndrome

Answer 14

Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a cystic duct gallstone..

Question 15

Mendelson’s Syndrome

Answer 15

Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents.

Question 16

Ogilvie’s Syndrome

Answer 16

Massive non-obstrucive colonic dilatation

Question 17

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

Answer 17

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation

Question 18

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 18

Syndrome of:

1. Esophageal Web
2. Iron-deficiency anemia
3. Dysphagia
4. Spoon-shaped nails
5. Atrophic oral and tongue mucosa

Question 19

Refeeding syndrome

Answer 19

HypoK, hypoMg, hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient.

Question 20

What is Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome

Answer 20

GI tract telangiectasia/AV malformations

Question 21

Short-gut syndrome

Answer 21

Malnutrition resulting from less than 100 cm of viable small bowel.

Question 22

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Answer 22

Gastinoma and PUD

Question 23

What is Trousseau’s Syndrome?

Answer 23

Syndrome of DVT associated with carcinoma

Question 24

What is toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 24

Staph aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation, especially arms palms and soles).

Question 25

What is Tietze’s syndrome?

Answer 25

Costochondritis of rib cartilage, aseptic (treat with NSAIDS).

Question 26

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 26

Compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet.

Question 27

What is superior vena cava syndrome?

Answer 27

Obstruction of the SVC, usually from mediastinal mass.