Surgical Recall

Question 1

Battle’s sign (ecchymosis of mastoid process)

Answer 1

Basilar skull fracture

Question 2

Beck’s triad

Answer 2

Cardiac tamponade

1) hypotension
2) elevated JVP
3) distant heart sounds

Question 3

Bergman’s Triad

Answer 3

Fat emboli

1) petechiae
2) dyspnea
3) AMS

Question 4

Carcinoid triad

Answer 4

FDR

1) flushing
2) diarrhea
3) R heart failure

Question 5

Charcot’s Triad and Reynold’s Pentad

Answer 5

Charcot’s = cholangitis

1) fever/ chills
2) jaundice
3) RUQ pain

Reynold’s = suppurative cholangitis
Add:
4) hypotension
5) AMS

Question 6

Chvostek’s Sign

Answer 6

Tapping on facial nerve causes face to twitch - hypocalcemia

Question 7

Cushing’s triad

Answer 7

Increased intracranial pressure

1) hypertension
2) bradycardia
3) irregular respirations

Question 8

Hamman’s sign

Answer 8

Crunching of mediastinum seen with emphysema (Boerhaave, pneumomediastinum)

Question 9

Homan’s sign

Answer 9

Calf pain on dorsiflexion of foot
DVT
Compartment syndrome

Question 10

Laplace’s Law

Answer 10

Wall tension = pressure x radius

Applies to any hollow tube (heart, gut, ect.)

Question 11

McBurney’s Point

Answer 11

1/3 ASIS to umbilicus

Pain = appendicitis

Question 12

Mittelschmerz

Answer 12

Lower quadrant pain due to ovulation

Question 13

Murphy’s sign

Answer 13

Pain on inspiration during palpating of R costal margin

Question 14

Obturator sign

Answer 14

Pain on internal rotation of leg

Appendicitis

Question 15

Pheochromocytoma triad

Answer 15

1) palpitations
2) headache
3) episodic diaphoresis

Question 16

Psoas sign

Answer 16

Pain with abduction of hip

Appendicitis or psoas inflammation

Question 17

Raccoon eyes

Answer 17

Basilar fracture

Question 18

3 signs of a basilar skull fracture

Answer 18

Raccoon eyes
Postauricular ecchymosis
Clear rhinorrhea (actually CSF fluid)

Question 19

Rovsing’s sign

Answer 19

LLQ pain on palpating

Appendicitis

Question 20

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 20

Thrombosis

1) stasis
2) abnormal endothelium
3) hypercoagulability

Question 21

Trousseau’s sign

Answer 21

Carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to forearm w/ BP cuff

Hypocalcemia

Question 22

Whipple’s triad

Answer 22

Insulinoma

1) hypoglycemia
2) CNS and vasomotor symptoms (syncope, diaphoresis)
3) relief of symptoms with glucose

Question 23

Budd- Chiari syndrome

Answer 23

Thrombosis of hepatic veins

Question 24

Fitz- Hugh- Curtis syndrome

Answer 24

Perihepatic gonorrhea infection

Question 25

Symptoms of Leriche’s syndrome (iliac occlusive disease)

Answer 25

Claudication of buttocks/ thighs Impotence Atrophy of legs

Question 26

Ogilvie’s syndrome

Answer 26

Massive non-obstructive colonic dilation - usually seen in elderly

Question 27

Plummer - Vinson syndrome

Answer 27

``` Esophageal web Iron-deficiency anemia Dysphagia Spoon-shaped nails Strophic oral and tongue mucosa 10% develop squamous cell carcinoma ```

Question 28

Trousseau’s syndrome

Answer 28

DVT associates with carcinoma

Question 29

Most common breast cancer

Answer 29

Infiltrating ductal

Question 30

Prominent collaterals in portal HTN

Answer 30

Esophageal varices Hemorrhoids (inferior hemorrhoids vein) Capuchin medusa Retroperitoneal vein

Question 31

Retroperitoneal parts of GI tract

Answer 31

Duodenum Ascending colon Descending colon Pancreas

Question 32

Borders of Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 32

Inguinal ligament Epigastric vessels Lateral border of rectus abdominis

Question 33

Calot’s triangle

Answer 33

Cystic duct Common hepatic duct Cystic artery

Question 34

Artery affected in anterior spinal syndrome

Answer 34

Artery of Adamkiewicz

Question 35

Where does thoracic duct empty?

Answer 35

L subclavian vein/ L IJ junction

Question 36

TIE distribution of body water

Answer 36

``` T= total body water I = Intracellular ```

Question 37

Sinusitis + fever + diplopia

Answer 37

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 38

Multiple episodes of Visual symptoms + instability

Answer 38

Blockage of the vertebral circulation

Question 39

Treatment for excruciating pain in the face with light touch

Answer 39

Trigeminal neuralgia Carbamazepine (anticonvulsant) —> radioablation —> vascular decompression surgery