Surgical Radiography

Question 1

Mobile C-arm includes

Answer 1

C-arm with X-Ray tube and image intensifier

2 TV monitors

Question 2

Features of Mobile C-arm

Answer 2

Digital imaging and storage
Image hold feature
Image enhancement, masking, and subtraction

Question 3

Foot pedal options

Answer 3

Low dose Fluoro - used to guide, position initial Fluoro
High dose Fluoro
Vascular foot switch (switch b/w Fluoro and subtraction mode)

Question 4

Dose Report Displays

Answer 4

Dose, demographics, Fluoro time
Each c-arm has an alarm for when 5 mins of Fluoro has been used
The image is sent with the patients images to PACS

Question 5

Surgical accessories and clothing

Answer 5

Scrub clothes 
Gown to cover scrub clothes
Hat or hood to cover all hair
Shoe covers
Mask
Protective eyewear
Non-sterile gloves

Question 6

How to set up equipment for surgery

Answer 6

Clean equipment before and after OR procedures
Operation check
Proper equipment location - monitor in clear vision, locate power outlet, not in the way of traffic

Question 7

MRT’s radiation protection responsibility

Answer 7

Ensue that staff is wearing lead aprons, and give them enough time and notice to protect themselves

Question 8

Kidney stone removal procedure

Answer 8

Catheter is inserted into the ureter and up to the kidney or location of the stone
The urologist can remove the stones with an extractor or break them into smaller pieces
MRT uses Fluoro over the abdomen/kidneys to visualize the location of the stone
Once the stone is removed the urologist uses contrast to check for any damage to the kidney, ureters, or to check for father blockage
A stent is often placed in the affected ureter

Question 9

Cardiac Pacemaker Insertion

Answer 9

The surgeon makes an incision below the collarbone and the pacemaker is inserted into the chest
Wires are threaded Eva the superior vena cava directly into the right atrium or right ventricle of the heart using Fluoro to visualize
The surgeon then performs test of the pacemaker to ensure it is functioning correctly

Question 10

Where is the c-arm commonly located in pacemaker insertion and why

Answer 10

C-arm will be on parked on the right side of the patient opposite the surgeon
X-Ray tech will fluoro over the patients chest to demonstrate the location of wires as they are directed towards the heart

Question 11

Cholangiogram Procedure

Answer 11

Preformed during a cholecystectomy to demonstrate the billary duct system, drainage to the duodenum, or any residual stones in the biliary system
The surgeon places a small catheter called a T-tube into the billary ducts and insects a small amount of iodinated contrast
Tech can capture images with Fluoro or digital spot images with a c-arm or plain abdomen images

Question 12

Foreign body localization in surgery

Answer 12

Used to find incorrect sponge count post surgery
Incorrect instrument count post surgery
Locating metallic fragments
Can utilize Fluoro or flat plate radiography with mobile

Question 13

Athroplasty

Answer 13

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

Question 14

Asepsis

Answer 14

Absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

Question 15

Cancellous screws

Answer 15

Used in spongy bone

The screw threads cut their path in the bone when the screw is inserted

Question 16

Cannulated screw

Answer 16

Large screw with hollow shaft

Used for internal fixation

Question 17

Cardiac Pacemaker

Answer 17

Device that is placed in the chest/abdomen and uses a electrical pulse to prompt the hear to beat at a normal rate
Used to fix arrythmias

Question 18

Cholecystectomy

Answer 18

surgical removal of the Gallbladder

Question 19

Closed reduction

Answer 19

A procedure to set or reduce a broken one without surgery

Fragments are realigned by manipulation and immobilized by a cast or splint

Question 20

Cortical screw

Answer 20

Anchors in cortical bone

Screws that are fully threaded and require a tap to cut threads before insertion

Question 21

Cystoscope

Answer 21

A thin tube with a camera and light on the end used to visualize the inside of the bladder

Question 22

Dynamic compression plate

Answer 22

Is a metallic plate used in orthopaedics for internal fixation of bone
Commonly used for long bone shafts

Question 23

Fracture table

Answer 23

Special OR table used for hip pinning

Skinny table that allows the c-arm to move in/around the table

Question 24

Hip pinning

Answer 24

Surgery to repair a fractured hip with reduction and internal fixation

Question 25

Kirschner wire

Answer 25

Used to hold bone fragments together (pin fixation) or to provide an anchor for skeletal traction
Come in a variety of sizes

Question 26

Microdiskectomy

Answer 26

Minimally invasive procedure performed on patients with a herniated lumbar disk
Nerve root is protected with a specialized retractor and protruding disk fragments along with with any remaining loose or degenerative disk material are removed with a small grasping device

Question 27

Open reduction

Answer 27

Surgery is needed to realign the bone fracture into the normal position
A variety of screws, plates, or rods are inserted to maintain alignment of the bony fragments till new bone growth takes place

Question 28

Operative cholangiogram

Answer 28

Involves injecting contrast dye directly into the CBD during open surgery
Usually done during choleocystectomy

Question 29

Reduce

Answer 29

Realign bone

Question 30

Retrograde urography

Answer 30

X-Ray examination of the urinary tract following the injection of contrast dye into the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis

Question 31

Shower curtain drape

Answer 31

Used in hip pinning sterile and sterile side of the curtain

Put on the patient

Question 32

Traction

Answer 32

Set of mechanisms for straightening bones or relieving pressure on the spine or skeletal system

Question 33

DHS

Answer 33

Dynamic hip screw

Question 34

IM Nail

Answer 34

Intramedullary nail - inserted into the shaft of a long bone (femur, tibia, humerus) to stabilize fractures
Devices minimize the amount of tissue exposed during surgery, decrease surgical and heal time and reduce opportunities for post surgical infections

Question 35

k-wire

Answer 35

Kirschner wire

Question 36

ORIF

Answer 36

Open reduction internal fixation

Question 37

THR

Answer 37

Total hip replacement

Question 38

TKR

Answer 38

Total knee replacement

Question 39

Pyelogram

Answer 39

Taken during retrograde urography

Demonstrates the renal pelvis and contrast filled minor and major calyces