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SURGERY > Surgical Oncology > Flashcards

Surgical Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Uncontrolled proliferation

A

Malignant

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2
Q

Impaired function of normal organ by local tissue invasion

A

Malignant

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3
Q

Cells that do not invade locally or metastasize to other sites

A

Benign

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4
Q

En bloc resection of the tumor with adeq margin of normal tissues

A

Primary or definitive therapy

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5
Q

T/F primary Therapy do not involve regional lymph nodes resectiom

A

False

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6
Q

t/f in primary therapy , you only remove the tumor and spare the normally appearing tissue surrounding it.

A

False

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7
Q

T/f primary therapy will remove also the lymph nodes surroung the tumor

A

True

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8
Q

4 kind of therapy

A

Adjuvant therapy
Systemic therapy
Target therapy
Biologic therapy

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9
Q

Radiation therapy is what kind of therapy

A

Adjuvant therapy

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10
Q

Systemic therapy

A

Biologic therapy

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11
Q

Primary goal of surgical oncology

A

Local and regional control
Radiation therapy- local
Systemic therapy

*always in combination

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12
Q

Highest incidence of cancer in males

A

Prostate cancer

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13
Q

Highest incidence of cancer in females

A

Breast cancer

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14
Q

Top causes increase Mortality of both male and females in relation to cancer

A

Lung and bronchial cancer

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15
Q

Acquired capabilities of cancer

A 
Self proficiency in growth signals
Insensitivity to antigrowth signal 
Evade apoptosis (programmed cell death) 
Sustained angiogenesis -> good vascular supply 
Tissue invasion and metastasis
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16
Q

Cancer cells has not yet invaded the capsule or basement membrane

A

In situ cancer

17
Q

What happened once cancer cells invade basal membrane?

A

Dermis (vascular and lymphatics) -> inc metastasis to other organs –> ARREST extraversion

18
Q

What happened in arrested extravasation?

A

Solitary malignant cells occurs –> replicate –> secondary cancers

19
Q

Steps of carcinogenesis

A

Initiation
Promotion
Progression

20
Q

T/f once cancer cells Undergone initiation it is irreversible

A

True

21
Q

Reversible step in tumorigenesis which is the target of therapeutic agents

A

Promotion

22
Q

Pre neoplastic stage of cancer

A

Promotion

23
Q

T/f progression of basal malignant metastasis is reversible

A

False

24
Q

Test for Colorectal cancer

A

20- fecal occult blood annually
50 - flexible sigmoidoscopy q 5 yrs
- Double contrast barium q 5 yrs
- colonoscopy q 10 yrs

25
Q

Phase of cell cycle

A

G1-
S phase- Dna synthesis
G2- chromosomal duplication/ replication
m phase- cell mitosis

26
Q

Phase of cell cycle target of chemotherapeutic agents and why

A

S phase- dna synthesis

27
Q

Genes potential to cause cancer

A

Oncogenes

28
Q

Anti- oncogenes

A

Tumor suppressor genes

29
Q

Criteria for hereditary cancer

A

Younger year than usual tumor development
Bilateral disease
Multiple primary pregnancy
Presentation of cancer in less infected cells
Same cancer cells runs in other relatives
Cancer associated with other condition

30
Q

Substances directly involved in causing cancer

A

Carcinogens

31
Q

Causes dirsuption of cellular and metabolic processes

A

Carcinogens

32
Q

International agency of research on cancer 5 categories

A 
Grp1- proven human carcinigens
Grp 2a - probable human carcinogens 
Grp2b - possible carcinogens 
Grp 3- not classifiable
Grp4- probably not
33
Q

Liver cancer

A

Aflatoxin

34
Q

Skin cancer

A

Arsenic

35
Q

Leukemia

A

Benzene

Ethylene oxide

36
Q

Lymphoma

A

Ethylene oxide

37
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy

A

Endometrial cancer

Breast cancer

38
Q

Altered cell mutation, excessive non useful proliferation of cells , unresponsive to normal control mechanism and organizing influences of adj tissues

A

Neoplasm

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