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Surgery > Surgical Medications > Flashcards

Surgical Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics are commonly used for anaerobic infections (Clostridium, Listeria)?

A

Metronidazole, Clindamyacin, Cefoxitin, Unasyn (Ampicillin/Sulbactam), Augmentin

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2
Q

What antibiotics are commonly used for gram-negative infections (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Shigella)?

A

Aminoglycosides, Cipro, 3rd Gen Cephs (Cefdinir, Cefixime, Cefotaxime), Bactrim

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3
Q

Which abx should not be taken with alcohol due to disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, increased HR, SOB, N/V, HA, confusion)?

A

Flagyl

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4
Q

What is the drug of choice for amoebic infections?

A

Flagyl

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5
Q

Which abx is associated with cholestasis?

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

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6
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat Staph infections (not MRSA)?

A

1st generation Cephs- cefazolin, cephalexin

Clindamycin, Erythromycin

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7
Q

What is the abx of choice for group A strep?

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin (can also use cephalexin, clindamycin, azithromycin)

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8
Q

What abx cannot be given to pregnant women or children?

A

CIPRO :(

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9
Q

With which abx must serum levels be determined?

A

Aminoglycosides and Vanc

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10
Q

What is Cefazolin and what is it used for?

A

Ancef, 1st gen ceph, used for surgical prophylaxis for skin flora

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11
Q

What 3rd generation Ceph has strong activity against Pseudomonas?

A

Ceftazidime

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12
Q

What abx has strong activity against gram-negative anaerobes and adequate gram-positive activity?

A

Clindamycin

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13
Q

What abx is known to be nephrotoxic and ototoxic–> blood peak/trough levels should be monitored?

A

Gentamicin (treats gram NEGATIVE bacteria)

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14
Q

Describe Metronidazole…

A

Used for serious ANAEROBIC infections (diverticulitis); patient must abstain from alcohol!

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15
Q

What drug is commonly used for cellulitis?

A

Nafcillin

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16
Q

Describe Vancomycin…

A

Used to treat MRSA, C. diff pseudomembranous colitis, should monitor peak/trough with IV administration

17
Q

Describe Ciprofloxacin…

A

Broad-spectrum abx, especially against gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas!

18
Q

_____ is an IV antifungal antibiotic associated with renal toxicity and hypokalemia

A

Amphotericin

19
Q

What preop abx are given for appendectomies?

A

Cefoxitin, Unasyn (anaerobic coverage)

20
Q

What preop abx are given for colon surgery?

A

Cefoxitin, Unasyn (anaerobic coverage)

21
Q

Should patients continue to take anti-HTN meds on day of surgery?

A

Yes

22
Q

What pre-op medication can decrease post-operative cardiac events and death?

A

BETA BLOCKERS :)

23
Q

What electrolyte must you check preoperatively if a patient is on hemodialysis?

A

Potassium

24
Q

Who gets a pre-op ECG?

A

Patients older than 40

25
Q

What reverses the effects of heparin?

A

Protamine

26
Q

How long before surgery should heparin be discontinued?

A

4-6 hrs

27
Q

Does heparin dissolve clots?

A

NO, it stops the progression of clot formation

28
Q

What are the uses of warfarin?

A

Long term anticoagulation

29
Q

What lab tests should you use for patients on warfarin?

A

PT/INR

30
Q

How long before surgery should warfarin be discontinued?

A

3-5 days

31
Q

How can warfarin cause skin necrosis when first started?

A

Initially depressed protein C and S result in HYPERcoaguable state. Avoid by using heparin concomitantly when starting

32
Q

What is an antibiotic option for colon/appendectomy if a patient is allergic to penicillin?

A
  1. IV Cipro AND

2. IV Clindamycin or IV Flagyl

33
Q

If a patient doesn’t respond to a dose of Lasix, should the dose be repeated, increased, or decreased?

A

Dose should be doubled if there is no response to initial dose.

34
Q

What medication is classically associated with mesenteric ischemia?

A

Digitalis

35
Q

What type of anti-HTN med is contraindicated in patients with renal artery stenosis?

A

ACE inhibitors

36
Q

What is the danger in prolonged use of Demerol (pain reliever)?

A

Oversedation, hallucinations, seizures

37
Q

What narcotic is used to decrease postoperative shivering?

A

Demerol

38
Q

What is clonidine rebound?

A

Abruptly stopping clonidine can cause the patient to have severe “rebound” HTN (also seen with beta blockers)

Surgery (11 decks)

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