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Oral Surgery > Surgical Instruments > Flashcards

Surgical Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Scalpel:

 - Blade #'s:
 - Handle Number: 
 - Proper Grip:
A
  • 10, 11, 12, 15
  • 3
  • Pen Grasp
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2
Q

Scalpel Technique

A
  • Cut with “belly” of blade
  • Firm uniform cut
  • Single Patient use
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3
Q

Periosteal Elevator:

 - Use
 - Name
 - Technique
A
  • Elevation of Mucoperiosteum (Elevate Flap)
  • # 9 Molt
  • Use with concave side toward bone (pry/push & roll/scrape)
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4
Q

Name the different types of Retractors

A
  • Minnesota
  • Austin
  • Mmirror
  • Weider (“Sweetheart”)
  • NO finger retractors
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5
Q

What is the Minnesota Retractor used for

A

Retract the Cheeks

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6
Q

What is the Austin Retractor used for

A

Alveolar Surgery

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7
Q

What is the Weider (“Sweetheart”) Retractor used for

A

Move Tongue

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8
Q

What are the two different types of hemostats

A

Straight or Curved

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9
Q

What are hemostats NOT to be used for

A
  • Handling delicate tissue/biopsy
  • Holding needles
  • Picking up whole teeth
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10
Q

What are Tissue Forceps used for

A

Grasping Tissue (Grabs tissue with teeth)

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11
Q

What are the different types of Tissue Forceps

A
  • Adson (with and without teeth)
  • Stillies
  • Allis
  • Russian
  • Cotton plier
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12
Q

Characteristic of Stillies Tissue Forceps

A

Longer handle for Back of Mouth

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13
Q

Characteristic of Allis Tissue Forceps

A

Biopsies–to grab tissue

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14
Q

What type of instruments are used to remove bone

A
  • Bur & Handpiece (High Torque)
  • Rongeur
  • Bone File
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15
Q

What types of bur & hand pieces are used to remove bone

A
  • # 8 round

- 703 Fissure (Smooth Bone)

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16
Q

What is a type of Rongeur used to remove bone and how does it cut bone

A
  • Blumenthal-Bone Cutter

- Combination of side or end cutting

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17
Q

What are the two types of Dental Currettes used

A
  • Periapical

- Double ended

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18
Q

What are periodical curettes used for

A

Extracting teeth with periodical lesions

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19
Q

What are the types of suturing instruments used

A
  • Needle holder
  • Needle
  • Suture material
  • Scissors
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20
Q

What is the proper grip for a Needle Holder

A

Thumb & Ring Finger with Palm Down

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21
Q

Suture Material:

 - Size Range:
 - 2 types
 - Other important factor
A
  • 0 to 6
  • Monofilament vs Braided
  • Resorbability
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22
Q

Name 3 “other” instruments used in oral surgery

A
  • Bite block
  • Suction
  • Irrigation
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23
Q

Irrigation of soft tissue is most commonly performed with what type of irrigation tip

A

Frasier Tip

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24
Q

What are Elevators used for

A

Extracting Teeth

25
Q

What are the components of an Elevator

A

-Handle, shank, blade (most use same handle and shank with a variation of the blade)

26
Q

What are the different types of dental elevators

A
  • Straight
  • Triangle or Pennant
  • Pick
27
Q

What are Straight Elevators used for and what are the two types used

A
  • Luxate Teeth

- Small (301) & Large (34S)

28
Q

What are the different types of Triangular Elevators and what are they used for

A
  • Pennant shaped
  • Usually paired
  • Use: To remove broken root remnants (remove root tips & root canals)
29
Q

What is the most common type of triangular elevator

A

Cryer

30
Q

What are the different types of Pick-type elevators and what are they used for

A
  • Types: Crane, Cogswell-heavy, Root tip pick thin & delicate
  • Use: Remove Roots
31
Q

What are the components of Extraction Forceps

A
  • Handle
  • Hinge: English vs. American
  • Beak (greatest variation, adapt to root of tooth; not crown)
32
Q

Which type of extraction forceps hinge are horizontal

A

American

33
Q

Which type of extraction forceps are vertical

A

English

34
Q

What are the two broad categories of maxillary forceps

A
  • Universal

- Site Specific

35
Q

What are the two types of maxillary universal forceps and what teeth are they used on

A
  • 150 (Used for any Maxillary Tooth)

- 159 (“A” style beak 150 forceps)

36
Q

What are the two types of maxillary Site Specific Forceps and what teeth are they used on

A
  • # 53 Right and Left (Maxillary Molar)
  • # 88 Right and Left (Maxillary Molar)
  • Anterior #1A (Maxillary Anterior)
37
Q

What are the two broad categories of mandibular forceps

A
  • Universal

- Site Specific

38
Q

What are the 5 types of mandibular universal forceps and what teeth are they used on

A
  • 151 (Any mandibular tooth)
  • 151 “A” style beak (Any mandibular tooth)
  • # 17 (Mandibular Molars)
  • **#23 “Cowhorn” (Very common for Mandibular Molars–Insert into furcations)
  • Ash (Mandibular Anteriors and Premolars)
39
Q

Which instrument has the following characteristics:

  • Initial instrument used
  • Primary use for expansion of alveolus and loosening of tooth/PDL
  • Often used incorrectly–do not fulcrum off adjacent tooth
  • Working end pointed from facial toward the lingual or apex
A

Straight Elevator

40
Q

Which instrument has the following characteristics:

  • Lever and/or wheel & axle forces
  • Can fracture tooth & bone
  • Primary use: removing residual roots of multi-rooted teeth
  • Sharp tip removes interseptal bone providing access to the retained root
A

Cryer Elevator

41
Q

Which instrument has the following characteristics:

  • Fragile elevators
  • Appearance seems to indicate they would be for “prying” out root tips
  • Prying forces will break these
  • Sole use: a Wedge
  • Fine tip is “wiggled” apically to wedge root tip from socket
  • Sharply pull in vertical vector to displace root tip
A

Root tip Elevators

42
Q

Which instrument has the following characteristics:

  • Not for “pulling teeth”
  • Use: Handle & lever
  • Primary force is initially in apical direction to seat the forceps
  • Secondary force is buccal, lingual, or rotational to expand alveolus to release the tooth
  • Last force is minimal traction force
  • Movement produces significant wedging
A

Forceps

43
Q

Steps/Approach to Simple Extraction

A
  1. Confirm profound anesthesia of pulp, soft & hard tissues
  2. Release soft tissue around tooth
  3. Elevate tooth with the elevator
  4. Adapt forceps to the tooth
  5. Luxate with forceps
  6. Remove the tooth from the socket
  7. Examine socket for soft tissue/granulation tissue: curette
  8. Place 2x2 gauze directly over socket and compress with occlusal forces
44
Q

Loosening of Soft Tissue Attachment process involves

A
  • Sharp end of periosteal elevator
  • Dental currette
  • Confirms anesthesia
  • Allows forceps to be seated apically or elevator to be place d inter-proximally
  • Be kind to soft tissues
45
Q

Luxation with Elevator process involves

A
  • Usually a straight elevator
  • Perpendicular to the interproximal space or parallel to the long axis of the tooth
  • Luxate tooth
  • Tear PDL
  • Expand bone
  • Avoid injury to adjacent teeth, crowns
  • Confirms degree of mobility/establishes need for surgical extraction
46
Q

Adaptation of Forceps involves

A
  • Choosing forceps that will adapt well to the sub-gingival morphology of the tooth
  • Confirm long axis of beaks “clears” adjacent teeth to avoid trauma
  • Seat with apical force
  • Avoid pinching any soft tissue
  • Firm apical force (moves center of rotation apically to prevent root fracture & expands alveolus and widens PDL space)
47
Q

Luxation with Forceps involves

A
  • Firm grip to hold forcep handles together
  • Straight wrist with force generating from shoulder and upper arm (not wrist)
  • Firm, stead, sustained force (hold & flex bone to allow expansion of the alveolus)
  • Primarily buccal at first with less lingual force, rotate the tooth gently after mobilization
  • Continue to re-seat the forceps apically
  • Do not fracture the grown
48
Q

Removal of Tooth from socket process

A
  • Slight traction, usually buccal is final step of removal of a tooth
  • Not a “pulling” motion
49
Q

Post-Extraction Care of the Socket Process

A
  • Remove debris if present (PA lesion, calculus, amalgam, tooth fragments)
  • Realign buccal plate–“compress socket”
  • Debride granulation tissue from gingival sulcus
  • Smooth any sharp bone
  • Pressure from 2x2 gauze placed over the extraction site to promote hemostasis
50
Q
  • Seat beaks with firm & deliberate apical pressure (lowers center or rotation to decrease root fracture, secures purchase on non-carious/sound tooth, further wedging force augments that already was accomplished by elevator).
  • Buccal-lingal force (primarily buccal) & rotation (single rooted)
  • Figure-8 or “ratchet” motion works well, especially for multi-rooted teeth
A

Universal Maxillary and Mandibular Forceps: 150 & 151

51
Q
  • Designed to engage the furcation of lower molar
  • No crown required to engage the tooth
  • Must seat into furcation with “pumping up” and down action before any buccal/lingual rotation
  • Seat on lingual first
  • Up and down motion with gentle pressure closing beaks together
  • Once seated, use buccal-lingal action or figure-8 motion to remove tooth
A

Mandibular Molar Forcep: Cowhorn #23

52
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingal, rotation, traction

- Less rotational forces during removal of laterals

A

Maxillary Incisors: #1 & #150

53
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingual, rotation, traction
  • Canines have long roots and are difficult to extract
  • Often require mucoperiosteal flap
  • Palatal bone is heavier than buccal bone
A

Maxillary Canines: #1, #150

54
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingual, traction
  • Often have two roots which do not separate until apical 1/3 of root
  • Do not lend themselves to rotation
  • Often fracture
A

Maxillary 1st Premolar: #1, #150

55
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingal, SOME rotation, traction

- Usually just have one root so that rotational movement is more useful

A

Maxillary 2nd premolar: #1, #150

56
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingual, traction
  • Moderate lingual pressure
  • If root is going to fracture, then more favorable to fracture a buccal root
  • Second molars typically have some fusion of roots, which makes extraction simpler (less tripodded)
A

Maxillary 1st & 2nd molars (forceps: 150, 53R&L, 88R&L)

57
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingal, SOME rotation, traction
  • Roots are somewhat conical and flattened
  • Buccal/labial bone is thinnest
A

Mandibular incisors: 151, Ash

58
Q
  • Apical, buccal, lingal, rotation, traction
  • Rotational forces are MOST important
  • Easiest teeth to extract
  • Very conical, straight roots
A

Mandibular premolars: 151, Ash

Oral Surgery (4 decks)

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