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Surgery > Surgical instruments > Flashcards

Surgical instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What materials can surgical instruments be made from?

A

Stainless steel:
- 400 series (martensitic)
- 300 series (austenitic)

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2
Q

What are the materials used to make stainless steel instruments?

A

iron, chromium, carbon & nickel

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3
Q

400 series material

A
  • high carbon, low chromium
  • heat treated fro hardness
  • most surgical instruments
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4
Q

300 series material

A
  • more malleable
  • cannot be hardened by heat treatment
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5
Q

use of 300 series material

A
  • orthopedic inplants
  • malleable instrument
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of chromium-plated carbon steel?

A
  • prone to pitting, rusting, & blistering
  • require frequent replacement or repair
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7
Q

Characteristics of titanium alloys

A
  • light-weight but brittle
  • highly resistant to corrosion
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8
Q

What are titanium alloys used for?

A

microsurgical instruments

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9
Q

characteristics of tungsten carbide inserts

A
  • very hard & wear resistant
  • insert can be replaced
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10
Q

What are tungsten carbide insert material used to make?

A

needle holder & scissors

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11
Q

What type of finish are most surgical instruments made in?

A

stain finish (less reflection)

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12
Q

Characteristics of high polish on instruments

A
  • most resistent to spotting & discolouration
  • can cause eye strain due to reflection
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13
Q

Characteristics of black/ebonized finish

A
  • minimal reflection
  • often used in laser procedures
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14
Q

What are scalpel handle #3 used in?

A

small animals

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15
Q

What are scalpel handle #4 used in?

A

large animals

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16
Q

What blade is this

A

10 blade

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17
Q

What blade is this?

A

11 blade (pointed)

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18
Q

What blade is this

A

12 blade (hook)

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19
Q

What blade is this

A

15 blade (sm version of #10)

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20
Q

What size blades are used in large animals?

A

20-24

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21
Q

What is this?

A

Beaver handle & blade

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22
Q

What is this scalpel handle used for?

A
  • precise cutting
  • delicate tissue
  • ophthalmic surgery
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23
Q

What is #1 called?

A

tips

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24
Q

What is #2?

A

jaws

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25
Q

what is #3?

A

Box lock pin

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26
Q

What is #4?

A

box lock

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27
Q

What is #5?

A

shank

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28
Q

What is #7

A

ring handle

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29
Q

What are the locking device of the instrument called?

A

ratchet

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30
Q

Function of needle holders

A

used to hold needles while suturing tissue

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31
Q

What is this instrument?

A

Mayo Hegar needle driver

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32
Q

What is this instrument?

A

Olsen Hegar needle driver

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33
Q

General features of this instrument

A
  • needle driver with scissors
  • great for skin
  • hard to use in deeper areas
  • could be more dangerous
34
Q

What type of grip is this?

A

palm grip

35
Q

What grip is this?

A

thumb-ring finger grip

36
Q

What grip is this?

A

thenar grip

37
Q

What is the default grip for scissors?

A

thumb-ring finger grip

38
Q

Benefits of straight scissors

A
  • mechanical advantage
  • can cut straight line
39
Q

Benefit of using curved scissors

A
  • increased mobility
  • increased visibility (preferred in body cavity
  • cut with tips up
40
Q

what is this?

A

Mayo surgical scissors

41
Q

What are these scissors used for?

A
  • sturdy
  • used to cut fascia planes & connective tissue
42
Q

What is this?

A

Metzenbaum scissors

43
Q

What are these scissors used for?

A

Delicate
- sharp & blund dissection
- finer tissue

44
Q

Recommended grip for scissors

A

Tripod grip

45
Q

What is important about using surgical scissors?

A
  • right tool for the job
  • careful with tips
  • caution with sharp-tipped scissors in deep wounds
46
Q

Why is it important to keep scissors sharp?

A
  • blunt scissors crush
  • causes excess tissue trauma
  • slow wound healing
47
Q

What is this?

A

littaur scissors

48
Q

What are theses used for?

A
  • cut suture during surgery
  • suture removal
49
Q

What are these?

A

Lister bandage scissors

50
Q

Special characteristics of these instruments

A
  • blunted ends to help prevent trauma during bandage removal
51
Q

What are these

A

Tenotomy scissors

52
Q

What are tissue forceps used for?

A
  • clamp blood vessels, vascular pedicles, viscus organs, solid tissue being removed
53
Q

What are the Crushing tissue forceps?

A
  • Halsted mosquito
  • Kelly
  • Crile
  • Carmalt
54
Q

What are these?

A

Halsted mosquito forceps

55
Q

What are Halsted mosquito forceps for?

A

clamping small vessels

56
Q

What are these?

A

Kelly

57
Q

What are these?

A

Crile

58
Q

What are these?

A

Rochester-Carmalt

59
Q

What are these used for?

A

Crush:
- large vascular pedicles
- uterine body
- intestinal resection
- spleen/ liver resection

60
Q

What are thumb forceps for?

A
  • grasp small amount of tissue
  • minimum amount of pressure
  • regrasping injured tissue
61
Q

What are these?

A

Adson forcep

62
Q

What are these for?

A

grasping skin & dense tissue

63
Q

What are these?

A

Adson Brown thumb forceps

64
Q

What are these used for?

A
  • skin & dense tissue
  • more traumatic than Adson thumb forceps
65
Q

What are these?

A

DeBakey thumb forceps

66
Q

What are these used for?

A
  • grasping delicate tissue (ex. viscera)
67
Q

How to use thumb forceps?

A
  • pencil grip
  • use non-dominant hand
68
Q

What are these?

A

Allis tissue forceps

69
Q

What are these used for?

A

used on tissue being removed from the patient

70
Q

What are these?

A

Babcock tissue forceps

71
Q

What are Babcock tissue forceps used for?

A

used on hollow viscus
- less traumatic than Allis forceps

72
Q

What are these?

A

doyen forceps

73
Q

What are Doyen forceps used for?

A
  • non-traumatizing
  • used for intestinal surgeries, pedicles, tissues remaining in patients
74
Q

What are penetrating towel clamps used for?

A
  • secure quarter drapes to skin
  • occasionally used as tissue forceps
75
Q

What are these?

A

Backhaus towel clamps

76
Q

What are these?

A

Jones towel clamps

77
Q

What are these?

A

Edna towel clamps

78
Q

What are Edna towel clamps used for?

A
  • top sheet to quarter drape
  • attach instruments to drapes (ex. suction tubing)
79
Q

What are self-retaining retractors used for?

A

keep body cavity open

80
Q

What is this?

A

Balfour retractor

81
Q

What is this used for?

A
  • abdominal wall retraction
  • protect tissue with lap sponges

Surgery (3 decks)

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