Surgical instruments Flashcards
What materials can surgical instruments be made from?
Stainless steel:
- 400 series (martensitic)
- 300 series (austenitic)
What are the materials used to make stainless steel instruments?
iron, chromium, carbon & nickel
400 series material
- high carbon, low chromium
- heat treated fro hardness
- most surgical instruments
300 series material
- more malleable
- cannot be hardened by heat treatment
use of 300 series material
- orthopedic inplants
- malleable instrument
What are the characteristics of chromium-plated carbon steel?
- prone to pitting, rusting, & blistering
- require frequent replacement or repair
Characteristics of titanium alloys
- light-weight but brittle
- highly resistant to corrosion
What are titanium alloys used for?
microsurgical instruments
characteristics of tungsten carbide inserts
- very hard & wear resistant
- insert can be replaced
What are tungsten carbide insert material used to make?
needle holder & scissors
What type of finish are most surgical instruments made in?
stain finish (less reflection)
Characteristics of high polish on instruments
- most resistent to spotting & discolouration
- can cause eye strain due to reflection
Characteristics of black/ebonized finish
- minimal reflection
- often used in laser procedures
What are scalpel handle #3 used in?
small animals
What are scalpel handle #4 used in?
large animals
What blade is this
10 blade
What blade is this?
11 blade (pointed)
What blade is this
12 blade (hook)
What blade is this
15 blade (sm version of #10)
What size blades are used in large animals?
20-24
What is this?
Beaver handle & blade
What is this scalpel handle used for?
- precise cutting
- delicate tissue
- ophthalmic surgery
What is #1 called?
tips
What is #2?
jaws
what is #3?
Box lock pin
What is #4?
box lock
What is #5?
shank
What is #7
ring handle
What are the locking device of the instrument called?
ratchet
Function of needle holders
used to hold needles while suturing tissue
What is this instrument?
Mayo Hegar needle driver
What is this instrument?
Olsen Hegar needle driver
General features of this instrument
- needle driver with scissors
- great for skin
- hard to use in deeper areas
- could be more dangerous
What type of grip is this?
palm grip
What grip is this?
thumb-ring finger grip
What grip is this?
thenar grip
What is the default grip for scissors?
thumb-ring finger grip
Benefits of straight scissors
- mechanical advantage
- can cut straight line
Benefit of using curved scissors
- increased mobility
- increased visibility (preferred in body cavity
- cut with tips up
what is this?
Mayo surgical scissors
What are these scissors used for?
- sturdy
- used to cut fascia planes & connective tissue
What is this?
Metzenbaum scissors
What are these scissors used for?
Delicate
- sharp & blund dissection
- finer tissue
Recommended grip for scissors
Tripod grip
What is important about using surgical scissors?
- right tool for the job
- careful with tips
- caution with sharp-tipped scissors in deep wounds
Why is it important to keep scissors sharp?
- blunt scissors crush
- causes excess tissue trauma
- slow wound healing
What is this?
littaur scissors
What are theses used for?
- cut suture during surgery
- suture removal
What are these?
Lister bandage scissors
Special characteristics of these instruments
- blunted ends to help prevent trauma during bandage removal
What are these
Tenotomy scissors
What are tissue forceps used for?
- clamp blood vessels, vascular pedicles, viscus organs, solid tissue being removed
What are the Crushing tissue forceps?
- Halsted mosquito
- Kelly
- Crile
- Carmalt
What are these?
Halsted mosquito forceps
What are Halsted mosquito forceps for?
clamping small vessels
What are these?
Kelly
What are these?
Crile
What are these?
Rochester-Carmalt
What are these used for?
Crush:
- large vascular pedicles
- uterine body
- intestinal resection
- spleen/ liver resection
What are thumb forceps for?
- grasp small amount of tissue
- minimum amount of pressure
- regrasping injured tissue
What are these?
Adson forcep
What are these for?
grasping skin & dense tissue
What are these?
Adson Brown thumb forceps
What are these used for?
- skin & dense tissue
- more traumatic than Adson thumb forceps
What are these?
DeBakey thumb forceps
What are these used for?
- grasping delicate tissue (ex. viscera)
How to use thumb forceps?
- pencil grip
- use non-dominant hand
What are these?
Allis tissue forceps
What are these used for?
used on tissue being removed from the patient
What are these?
Babcock tissue forceps
What are Babcock tissue forceps used for?
used on hollow viscus
- less traumatic than Allis forceps
What are these?
doyen forceps
What are Doyen forceps used for?
- non-traumatizing
- used for intestinal surgeries, pedicles, tissues remaining in patients
What are penetrating towel clamps used for?
- secure quarter drapes to skin
- occasionally used as tissue forceps
What are these?
Backhaus towel clamps
What are these?
Jones towel clamps
What are these?
Edna towel clamps
What are Edna towel clamps used for?
- top sheet to quarter drape
- attach instruments to drapes (ex. suction tubing)
What are self-retaining retractors used for?
keep body cavity open
What is this?
Balfour retractor
What is this used for?
- abdominal wall retraction
- protect tissue with lap sponges
