Surgical Anatomy of the Tract Flashcards
Deglutination
Complex movement involving skeletal and smooth muscle
Swallowing 4 phases
Oral preparation
Oral transit (voluntary)
Pharyngeal (Involuntary)
Oesophageal (involuntary)
Oesophagus 3 main parts
Cervical (cricopharyngeus to thoracic inlet)
Thoracic (to hiatus)
Abdominal
Approx 25cm in length
Oesophageal blood supply
Arterial supply
Cervical- via inferior thyroid artery
Thoracic- via thoracic artery branches
Abdominal- from coeliac plexus
Oesophageal venous drainage
Cervical- inferior thyroid veins
Thoracic- azygous system
Abdominal- left gastric vein (portal system)
3 Oesophageal constrictions
Cervical constriction
Thoracic constriction
Diaphragmatic constriction
Oesophageal Thoracic constriction
Aortic arch + L primary bronchus
Oesophageal Diaphragmatic constriction
Oesophageal hiatus
Oesophageal hiatus
T10
Right crux of diaphragm
Oesophagus
Vagus Nerve
Diaphragm Aortic Opening
T12 (in the median plane)
Structures passing through- aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein
Diaphragm Oesophageal Opening
T10 (to the left side of the median plane)
Structures passing through- oesophagus, R + L vagus nerves, left gastric vessels, lymphatics from the lower third of the oesophagus
Diaphragm caval opening
T8 (to the right side of the median plane
Structures passing through- inferior vena cava, R phrenic nerve
Hiatal levels
T8- Vena Cava
T10- Oesophagus
T12- Aortic Hiatus
Oesophageal sphincter
Physiological/functional sphincter (not anatomical)
Smooth muscle
Crural diaphragm
Hiatus Hernia
Reflux
Bloating
Sore throat
Hoarse voice