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Online Med Ed notes DF > Surgery: Subspecialty > Flashcards

Surgery: Subspecialty Flashcards

1
Q

treatment of hirscprungs

A

resect bad colon

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2
Q

treatment for dequerviens tensosynovitis

A

splint and NSAIDs

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3
Q

diagnostic test of choice for aortic dissection is what

what if renal failure in pt

A

CT angiogram

shows false lumen

use TEE or MRI if renal disessae

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4
Q

diagnosing malrotation

A

CU malrotates

contrast enema

then upper GI if needed

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5
Q

which VSD need repair

A

children with R sided hypertrophy, increased right sided pressures, FTT, or HF need immediate repair

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6
Q

painless acute loss of vision that is unilateral and no other FND is what

what else would you see

A

retinal artery occlusion

cherry red spot fovea

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7
Q

treatment of carpal tunnel

A

splint and NSAID
intraarticular steroids
surgery

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8
Q

pretreat pheo pts with what

A

a blockade before b blockade before surgery

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9
Q

if suspect VACTERL what testing

A

sacral US, xray, VCUG, NG tube and echo

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10
Q

are teratomas malignant in men or women in GU

A

men

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11
Q

treatment for cleft lip

A

surgery at 10-12 weeks (feeding issue)

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12
Q

valve: last under 10 years but no anticoags needed

A

bovine valves

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13
Q

a scc arising from a chronic wound such as a previous burn scar that tends to be very aggressive

A

marjolin ulcer

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14
Q

treatment for retinal artery occlusion

A

intraarterial TPA

hyperventilation rebreathed CO2 and apply global orbital pressure to buy time

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15
Q

severe cases of hirschprung’s require what

A

colostomy

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16
Q

pathology of dupuytrens contracture

clx feature

tx

A

seen in alcoholic males with scandinavian ancestry

hand cannot extend and see palmar nodes

surgery

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17
Q

which of the anterior and post tumors only needs CT scan

A

meningioma

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18
Q

early treatment of SAH within first 48 hrs

A

reduce bleeding by decreasing BP to under 140/90 with IV meds (BB or CCB)

Pt in bad shape
if do craniotomy to decrease ICP can do CLIP and VP shunt

otherwise:
serial LP and coil

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19
Q

what if pt has noninfectious bacterial prostatitis what is tx

A

NSAIDs

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20
Q

knee pain and click on full extension is what

tx and dx

A

meniscal tear

MRU and arthroscopic repair

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21
Q

stenosing tensosynovitis, cannot extend, pops when forced

A

trigger finger

clx

splint and nsaids

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22
Q

what skin cancer: well defined red papule, ulcer that heals and breaks down a lot

A

SCC

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23
Q

in congenital diaphragmatic hernia what is the most importnant thing to baby

A

intubation and ventilation bc of hypoplastic lung

stabilize before surgery

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24
Q

pt has persistent virulent peptic ulcer disease and diarrhea what should you suspect and management

A

gastrinoma

meausre serum gastrin then do secrtein test

ID tumor with CT scan and SRS scintigraphy, cut it out

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25
Q

asx screens with DRE and PSA for prostate cancer?

A

no unless very specific pop

many men will die with prostate cancer

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26
Q

first and best test for bladder cancer

treatment?

A

cystoscopy with biopsy

transurethral resection and BCG or Cisplatin based chemo

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27
Q

what tumor: in men: hypogonadism, decreased libido, infertility, impotence

A

prolactinoma

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28
Q

elderly pt with osteoporosis falls onto an outstretched hand, the radius “breaks up” which means dorsally displaced

looks like a dinner fork

what kind of fracture?

A

colles fracture

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29
Q

painless testicular mass in a young man

what test

A

testicular cancer is possible

do trans illumination, does not illuinate

biopsy by orchiectomy

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30
Q

preferred method of biopsy for prostate cancer

A

transrectal biopsy

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31
Q

what is SAH caused by

A

ruptured aneurysms in the brain

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32
Q

if pt has PAD but not significantly impacting life then whatq

A

conserative management and no investigation to be made

control risk factors 
stop smoking
exedrcise
aspirin or clopidogrel if stented
cilostazol or pentoxifylline for sx control only
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33
Q

what cannot pt not do with ruptured achilles tendon

A

platarflex foot

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34
Q

old person with DM and progressive vision loss

what will you see on PE

A

cataracts

white thing in anterior chamber, decreased night time vision

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35
Q

treatment of tib/fib fracture if closed or open

A

casting if closed

nailing if open with ORIF

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36
Q

f/u of treatment of prostate cancer

if increased PSA and no sx

if increased PSA and sx

A

no sx = anti androgens

sx = radiation

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37
Q

flank pain, palp mass,painless hematuria and what else maybe with the dx of ___

A

RCC

erythrocytosis or anemia possible

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38
Q

basal cell carcinoma

mets?
locally invade?

A

no mets

+ locally invade

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39
Q

all SAH need what ppx

A

seizure with nay of the meds

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40
Q

diagnosing biliary atresia

A

US to show absence of ducts and r/o stones

phenobarbital then HIDA 5-7 days later (lack bile reaching duodenum)

intraoperative cholangiogram if still uncertain

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41
Q

managment of parathyroid adenoma

A

sestamibi scan to find which of the PT glands are enlarged bc usually just one

then resect, but watch for hypocalcemia

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42
Q

tumor in premenopausal women: menstrual irreg, oligomen, anovulation, infertility, vaginal dryness, risk osteoperosis

A

prolactinoma

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43
Q

diagnosing melanoma

A

punch biopsy if good large lesion and low suspicion

wide excisional bx if lesion is small or high index of suspicion

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44
Q

what increases risk of bladder cancer

A

smoking and exposure to B-alanine dyes

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45
Q

acute limb ischemia usually from what

A

Afib clot, cholesterol emboli, acute thrombosis

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46
Q

first step when think cushings

A

24 hour cortisol level and confirm with 1 mg low dose dexamethasone

if cortisol increases it is cushings

then do ACTH (if decreased then adrenal, if increased then extraadrenal)

if adrenal spot it with CT/MRI and resect
if extraadrenal then high dose dexameth test (suppress = pituitary, if no suppression then ectopic)

if pituit then MRI and resect

if ectopic then find with CTI/MRI of: chest, abd, pelvis

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47
Q

tumor found in CPA and if bilateral is part of what

other features

tx?

A

schwannoma

NF II

hearing loss, vertigo, N/V, tinnitus

resect and cure

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48
Q

increased pressure in low lighting and this leads to HA, pain, RIGID eyeball and the increased pressure doesn’t allow the pupil to constrict anymore

A

closed angle glaucoma

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49
Q

tx cataract

A

resection is curative

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50
Q

location of force for PCL tear

A

anterior

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51
Q

when use CABG

A

70% stenosis, mainstem equiv (LAD or 3+ vessels) and good LV function

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52
Q

what fracture just needs casting

A

closed wound with good approximation

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53
Q

valve: 10-20 years but need anticoags, warfarin goal INR 2.5-3.5

A

mechanical valve

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54
Q

what would aldosterone and renin be with conn’s syndrome

A

high aldosterone and low renin

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55
Q

management of conn’s syndrome

diagnosing then tx

A

aldost:renin level over 20

f/u with a salt suppresion test, and if fails to suppress then CT/MRI

AVS to lateralize

resect

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56
Q

if obstructive uropathy in BPH what should you do

A

in and out cath and possible TURP (transurethral resection of prostate)

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57
Q

treatment for coarctation of aorta

A

resect and reanast

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58
Q

managing an increased ICP in SAH begins with what

A

elevation of head of bed
give hypertonic solutions
hyperventilate

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59
Q

PAD: a lesion that is both in the femoral artery and under 3 cm can be what

A

stented

everything else is bypass

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60
Q

what shoulder disloacation is in shaking hands potition

abduction and external roation

A

anterior

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61
Q

treating follicular cancer

A

radioactive iodine

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62
Q

diagnosing brain tumor

A

MRI

biopsy for definitive diagnosis

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63
Q

gastrin level

2 digits
3 digits
4 digits

A 
2 = normal
3 = probably ppi
4 = gastrinoma
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64
Q

pt with migratory necrolytic dermatitis and some DM what is and how manage

A

glucagonoma

get glucagon level

CT to find and resect it

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65
Q

ASD treatment

A

closure if needed via cath directed device closure

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66
Q

what kind of cancer of skin

pearly lesion or one that is non-healing and bleeds easily

A

BCC

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67
Q

best test for coarctation of the aorta and what is sufficient too

A

arteriogram, but CTA or MRA can be sufficient

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68
Q

f/u bladder cancer treatment

A

recurs, so increase surveillance with cystoscopy

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69
Q

immediate sx relief and long term therapy for BPH

A

immediate: a blockers like tamulosin

5-a reductase inhibitor (finasteride) for long term therapy

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70
Q

treatment for cleft palate

A

surgery at 10-12 months

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71
Q

children with delayed growth, bitemporal hemianopsia, and sella clacifications on imaging

A

craniopharyngeoma

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72
Q

management of test torsion

A

US with doppler then surgery

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73
Q

diagnosing SAH

1)
2)
3) still uncertain

A

CT scan without contrast
-will show + blood but outside parenchyma and between the gyri

then MR or CT angiogram

if question about it do LP and look for xanthocrhomia (blood in tube still on 4th tube)

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74
Q

pt complaining of floateors or of a veil or cloud on top of their visual picture is what

A

retinal detachment

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75
Q

if pt has signs and sx of retinal detachment but they sx come and go then what is it

A

amaurosis fugax which is a preliminary sign of impending artery occluison

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76
Q

after 1) ABI what is almost always done and why

A

2) US doppler to look for pressure gradient drop which confirms the diagnosis of macrovascular disease
- if positive pressure gradient then macrovascular and do 3) arteriorgram to ID lesion and use stent or bypass

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77
Q

“pyelo” sx in old person with no CVA tenderness and do DRE and is tender what is and do what next

A

bacterial prostatitis

get UA then IV abx if shows bugs

no more DREs

send home on long term fluoroquinolones

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78
Q

tx of hip fracture: if at femoral head or intratroch, or shaft

A

femoral head = prosteshsis

intratrochanteric = plates

shaft = rods

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79
Q

what cancers can cause extra-adrenal cushings

A

lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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80
Q

if baby has persistent or worsening jaundice after 2 weeks of age consider what diagnoses

A

biliary atresia

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81
Q

what brain tumor may be associated with DM and HTN

A

GH secreting tumor

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82
Q

goal of managment with intracranial hemorrhage

A

reduce ICP, same treatment as SAH without clip or coil

83
Q

follow endodermal sinus tumor with what and choriocarcinoma with what in test cancer

A

AFP

B-HCG

84
Q

measure what if think pheochromocytoma

A

24 hour urinary metanephrines and catecholamines

VMA most sensitive

85
Q

diagnosing peripheral vascular disease

A

ABI

1.0-1.4 is normal

86
Q

what type of heart shunts cause increased vascular markings on chest x-ray

A

left to right shunts

87
Q

anterior fossa tumors?

A

OMG its you AUNT

oligo
meningioma
GBM

adults

A = adults

88
Q

after cardiac sugery for CAD whats importanat

A

maintain CO: EKGs and IVF, CI with wedge pressure

BB, ACEi, STatin, ASA

avoid straining

89
Q

xray of meconium plug shows what

A

gas filled plug

90
Q

abscess in the pulp of the fingertip after penetrating injury

very tender and have fever

what is it and treatment

A

felon

dx clx

tx I and D

91
Q

when should extrophy of bladder be corrected

A

within 2 days to 2 weeks

92
Q

dx and treatmentof angkle fracture

A

if can walk do not image

in nonambulatory then xray and surgery

93
Q

testicular torsion: testes will be exquisitely tender with what

A

horizontal lie and elevation will cause pain

94
Q

pt with repeated hypoglycemia states especially when fasting and how to confirm

A

insulinoma

C peptide and insulin will both be elevated and sulfonylurea screen negative

CT scan to locate and resect

95
Q

signs of acute limb ischemia

A

sudden onset of extremity that is painful, pale, pulseless, with paresthesias, paralysis and cold (poikilothermia)

96
Q

punch aginsat wall where 4th and 5th digits break, what fracture

A

boxers fracture

97
Q

to prevent vasospasm in SAH what does pt need

A

CCB, if too late and vasospasm occurs then BP actually must increase to maintain perfusion

98
Q

aortic stenosis murmur

location
sound
radiation
treatment

A

2nd ICS RSB
crescendo, decrescendo

radiates to carotids

tx: replace the valve

99
Q

diagnose epididymitis and treatement

A

US with doppler
<35 = abx: ceftriazone and azithro

> 55: fluoroquinolone

100
Q

tear extensor tendon and treatment

A

mallet finger

splint and NSAIDs

101
Q

diagnosing carpal tunnel

A

clinical

EMG shows decreased conduction

only do before sx

102
Q

snoring baby

A

choanal atresia

103
Q

positve valgus stress test = what lig tear

what about varus?

A

Valgus: MCL

Varus: LCL

104
Q

treatment of prostate cancer

A

local disease: resection, radiation, brachytherapy

meds: GnRH analogs (leuprolide) first choice
anti angrogens like flutamide is backup

105
Q

treating melanoma

under 0.5 mm
1-2 mm
2-4mm
>4 mm

A

under 0.5 mm = then excision bx wide resection
-0.5 cm margins

1-2 mm = excision and cent LN dissection
-if tracer + then 1 cm margins

2-4 mm = excision and cent LN dissection
-if tracer + then 2 cm margins

> 4 mm = chemo and radiation
-debulking nests of tumor for palliation, pt going to die

106
Q

secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused either by what

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis in an old man with atherosclerotis disease (no srgy needed)

fibromuscular dysplasia (young woman, stent these hos)

107
Q

lower lip hyperpigmentation skin cancer?

A

SCC

108
Q

if have erectile dysfunction from spinla injury or AV malformation what is the treatment

A

vacuum pumps or prostehetic device

PEDi will not work

109
Q

peripheral vascular disease treatment

A

angioplasty stent: above knee or small

bypass: long lesion or below the knee

110
Q

cilostazol is contraindicated in what

A

CHF

111
Q

Foosh fracture, and pain in anatomic snuff box

what fracture and diagnoses and tx

A

scaphoid

xr is normal day 1 but cast anyways bc XR positive days later

if don’t repair will have necrosis bc of vasculature

if damage seen on day one you can do ORIF

112
Q

treatment for MS

A

medical tx

balloon valvotomy

replacement

113
Q

what brain tumor

kids with obstructive hydrocephalus in 4th ventricle, and kids curl up in ball it helps

tx?

A

ependymoma

resect

114
Q

which shoulder rotation is in protected wrist position (adducted and internally rotated)

A

post dislocation

115
Q

diagnosing acromegaly

whats elevated

A

glucose supression test which will not decrease GH

then MRI of pituitary

IGF-1 or somatomedin C signif elevated

116
Q

diagnosing imperforate anus

A

cros table xray on a prone child with radiopaque perineal marking

117
Q

prostate cancer vs BPH location

A

cancer in posterior part (starts periph and moves central)

BPH in periurethral region

118
Q

treating descending aortic dissection

A

medically with IV beta blockers

119
Q

which vessel is connected to internal mammary artery in CABG? what about others

A

LAD or most significant artery

others get great saphenous vein

120
Q

colick flank pain that radiates to the groin with hematuria

A

kidney stones

121
Q

chronic progressive central vision loss is what

A

macular degeneration

122
Q

the majority of brain tumors are from mets or primary?

A

mets from lung, breast, GI

123
Q

What is the most important indicator of prognosis for melanoma

A

depth of invasion

124
Q

mitral valve regurgitation

location
sound
radiation
treatment

A

holosystolic murmur at cardiac apex

radiate to axilla

treatment: replace valve when desired or treat with LV dilation

125
Q

treatment kidney stone

<0.5 cm
<0.7 cm
<1.5 cm
>1.5 cm
septic
A 
<0.5 cm: hydration and analgesics
<0.7 cm add MET (tamulosin, amlodipnine)
<1.5 cm stent and lithotripsy
>1.5 cm surgery
septic nephrostomy tube
126
Q

hip fracture in what pts

length and position of leg after

A

old women with osteoperosis, shor leg and ext rotated

127
Q

PDA treatment

A

usually self resolve within 7 days

in preterm infants often need to be closed with indomethacin or surgery

128
Q

pt: protection from a hit above, stirkes then ulna and breaks it and displaces radius

A

monteggia fracture

129
Q

wide pulse pressure murmur

A

AI

130
Q

acute limb ischemia diagnosing and treatment

F/U

A

have 6 hours to fix

US and arteriogram to find

embolectomy, localized tPA or heparin

F/U comparment syndrome

131
Q

diagnosing hirschsprung’s disease

A

KUB shows dilated colon (normal) and normal distal colon (abnormal

contrast enema is preferred initial test

suction biopsy is next step to confirm

132
Q

treatment for retinal detachment

A

laser spotweld the retina back into place

133
Q

macular degneration 2 types which is treatable

A

wet (blood or fluid), use a laser

dry (drusen/pigment changes) is supportive care

134
Q

what fracture needs and emergency wash out

A

open

135
Q

spontaneous testicular pain with a normal/vertical lie and releif with elevation of testes

cord is also tender

A

epididymitis

136
Q

definitive diagnoses of pyloric stenosis

tx

A

US showing a donut sign

treatment is IVF replacement then pyloromyotomy

137
Q

if single vessel or 2 vessel CAD disease consider what

A

balloon angioplasty (PCI) with stenting and clopidogrel

138
Q

if have a hot nodule what can be done

A

resected or hit with radioiodine ablation

139
Q

f/u with what for intracrnaial hemorrhage

A

CT scans to track how rapidly the hematoma is expanding and if midline shift

also reverse anticoagulation if able

140
Q

treatment for AAA

A

over 3.5 Q12 month screen

> 4.5 Q 6 months

> 5.5 or change of 0.5 cm or more in 6 months then surgery (endovascular repair)

141
Q

FNA managment based off results

1) cancer
2) non cancer
3) inconclusive

A

1) cancer = surgery (thyroidectomy)
2) non cancer, watch and wait 6 months later US
3) inconclusive = repeat FNA

142
Q

ABCDE of melanoma

A 
asymmetry 
borders irregular
color change
diameter over 5 mm
evolving lesion
143
Q

tx of corneal abrasions

A

irrigate a lot before dx

then do fluorescein dye test to see extent of damage

may or may not need surgery

144
Q

dx and tx of SCC

A

same as BCC + radiation bc can metastasize

145
Q

path of epididymisits

A

under 35 = STD

over 55 = e coli

146
Q

brain tumor that is attached to dura, highly curable, don’t mets

how to diagnose

A

meningioma

CT scan showing connetion to bone and biopsy with psammoma bodies
resect

147
Q

retinal detachment occurs how

A

spontaneously (marfan,HTN) or following major trauma

148
Q

multiple air fluid levels on a babygram and bilious vomiting

A

intenstinal atresia

149
Q

tx chonala atresia

A

surgery to fix passage

150
Q

cushings is caused by what 4 things

A

iatrogenic
pituitary adenoma
adrenal tumor
ectopic ACTH

151
Q

dixing high lesions (away from anus) imperforate anus

A

colostomy with future correction

152
Q

labs on biliary atresia

A

direct hyperbilirubinemia

153
Q

treatment for shoulder dislocation

A

relocate and sling

154
Q

heart shunt with decrased vascular markings on chest x ray

A

R to L shunt

155
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

mets?
locally invade?

A

can do both

156
Q

diagnosing choanal atresia

A

cath, fails to pass if complete

fiberoptic scope ID lesion if incomplete

157
Q

definitive diagnoses of RAS

A

angiogram

158
Q

to work up a dissection first rule out waht

A

CAD with EKG and toponin

xray shows wide mediastinum

159
Q

fracture of radius and dislplaced ulna from a radius being hit first

A

galezzia

160
Q

what surgery if fracture is

open, angular or commutited

A

ORIF in the OR

161
Q

location of force for ACL teaer and dx and tx

A

posterior

MRI

heals on own, athletes get surgical repair

162
Q

Intraparenchyal hemmhorage occurs most often where

A

caudate and putamen

163
Q

periorbital cellulitis dx and tx

A

if can move eye, ABX

if cannot move eye then CT scan, and if + then I and D or surgery and ABX

164
Q

MS murmur

location

A

diastolic at cardiac apex

165
Q

toddler, and trouble with overflow incontenince

A

hirschprungs

166
Q

treating biliary atresia

A

kasai procedure

hepatoportoenterostomy

167
Q

treating a ascending dissection (before great vessels)

A

operative bc can cause aortic regurge or cut off GVs

replace aortic valve and consider CABG

168
Q

if have elevated VMAs what do you do next

A

localize with CT scan or MRI

confirm laterality with MIBG scan or AVS

resect

169
Q

jet black lesion with no hair is what skin cancer

A

melanoma

170
Q

managment of gastroschisis and omphalocele

A

cover viscera in sterile bag and place saline soaked gauze over contents to stop desiccation and infection

place NG tube to keep bowel decompressed

fluid balance too

placement of covered silo if needed

171
Q

pinpoint tibia pain and treatment

A

stress fracture

rest and nsaids

172
Q

most common sites of mets to brain

A

lung >prostate/breast > colon

173
Q

what may ease pts hip pain in a fracture while preparing transport

A

traction

174
Q

treatment of basal cell carcinoma

small lesion not on face

large lesion not on face

large lesion on extremeity

any lesion on face

A

excisional

wide excision with >1 mm margins

amputation

mohs

175
Q

if prostate cancer is refractory to meds what next

A

orchiectomy is option

176
Q

dx kidney stones

A

UA and Ucx to look for crystals

then CT scan to find sixze and location

177
Q

what should you order to diagnose hyperprolactinemia

A

serum prolactin

preg test and TSH level too

178
Q

blue with feeding in kids and pink with crying

A

choanal atresia

179
Q

pressure after dilation, fluid cannot leave the the anterior chamber

A

closed angle glaucoma

180
Q

what tumor: 4th ventricle, highly malignant, children, seeds subarachnoid space, can lead to distal lesions in the cord

what is tx too

A

medulloblastoma

resection, chemo, and rads

181
Q

hand injury: tear flexor tendon so cannot flex the digit

diagnoses and tx

A

jersey finger

splint and NSAIDs

182
Q

dx and tx closed angle glaucoma

A

clx, occular pressure

tx: constrict pupil
- a agonist
- block betas

relieve presure with laser to make hole to relieve

183
Q

aoritc regurge or AI

location
sound
radiation
tx

F/U

A

diatsolic murmur 4th ICS LSB

decrescendo, blowing murmur

replace the valve if chronic and LV dilation occured

f/u CABG

184
Q

what is a cushing relfex

A

bradycardia and hypertension seen in brain tumors

185
Q

complications of cleft lip and palate

A

OM, feeding difficulty hearing defect, speech path

186
Q

rumbling diastolic murmur with opening snap murmur

A

MS

187
Q

posterior fossa tumor

A

p = pediatrics, kids are a MES

medulloblastoma
ependymoma
schwannoma

188
Q

diagnosing and tx RCC

A

US then CT then bx (nephrectomy)

surgery and possible chemo and radiation

189
Q

dx NEC and tx

A

babygram shows pnematosis intestinalis

NPO, TPN, and IV ABX

only surgery with no improvement or worsened conditions

190
Q

follow up with mecnoium plug

A

perforation can happen which can lead to meconium peritonitits

191
Q

diagnosing basal cell carcinoma

small lesion not on face

large lesion not on face

any lesion on face

A

small lesion not on face = excisional bx

large lesion not on face = incisional bx

any lesion on face = incisional bx

192
Q

seminoma testicular cancer treatment follow what

A

senstive to chemo and radiation follow LDH

193
Q

managment of possible BPH

A

DRE, feel rubbery prostae
then UA and Ucx to r/o infx
then medical therapy no bx

194
Q

pts that get aortic dissection

A

marfans
syphilis

HTN

195
Q

diagnosing RAS

A

1) aldost to renin ratio (should be near 1)
2) U/S with doppler
3) angiogram is definitive diagnoses

196
Q

double bubble sign is assocaited with what

if normal gas pattern distally which is most likely

dx

A

duodenal atresia, annular pancreas, and malrotation

malrotation

contrast enema then upper GI series

197
Q

AAA if these signs present then surgery no matter what the size is

A

pain or tenderness of aneursym or there is back pain

198
Q

which diseases have R to L shunt

A

T diseases

transposition of the great arteries

TOF

truncus arteriosis

tricuspid atresia

TAPVR

199
Q

ABI

A

> 1.4 then next do toe brachial index

  1. 0-1.4 is normal
  2. 9-1 is equivical so do exercise ABI

0.8-.0.9 = mild, doppler US
0.4-0.8 = moderate, doppler US
<0.4 = severe, doppler US

200
Q

what disease associated with carpal tunnel

A

hypothyroid and DM

201
Q

tx mcl and lcl

A

athelete = surgery

hinge cast for all else

202
Q

butterfly lesion that can cross midline (tumor)

A

GBM

203
Q

fixing low lesion imperforate anus

A

dilation or minor surgical procedure

204
Q

treat achilles tendon tear

A

casting cures in months

surgery cures in weeks

Online Med Ed notes DF (4 decks)

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