Surgery OSPE Flashcards
1
Q
Station 1
A
Carefully Look at the photograph and answer following questions:
2
Q
1
A
Describe the lesion in photograph.
3
Q
2
A
What is ABPI.
4
Q
3
A
What examination is essential for assessment.
5
Q
4
A
write two investigations that are required.
6
Q
5
A
what is the treatment of this condition.
7
Q
1.
A
Ulcer at the lateral border of sole of foot.
8
Q
2.
A
It is the ratio of systolic blood pressure at ankle and arm.
9
Q
3.
A
Examination of peripheral pulses and neurological examination.
10
Q
4.
A
X-ray of foot and random blood sugar.
11
Q
5.
A
Surgical debridement and regular dressings.
12
Q
Station
1
A
DIABETIC ULCER
13
Q
1
A
Describe the lesion in photograph.
14
Q
2
A
What is ABPI.
15
Q
3
A
What examination is essential for assessment.
16
Q
4
A
write two investigations that are required.
17
Q
5
A
what is the treatment of this condition.
18
Q
Station
2
A
EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA
19
Q
1.
A
Identify the investigation given in photograph.
20
Q
2.
A
What are the clinical features of the condition in photograph.
21
Q
3.
A
What clinical scoring will be required for this patient.
22
Q
4.
A
What pathology is in the photograph.
23
Q
5.
A
What is the treatment for this condition.
24
Q
01
A
Extradural hematoma
25
Station
2
EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA
26
1.
CT scan of head.
27
2.
History of trauma ,headache ,confusion, lucid interval ,scalp injury.
28
3.
Glasgow coma scale.
29
4.
Left extradural hematoma.
30
5.
Burr hole ,evacuation of hematoma.
31
01
Diabetic Ulcer
32
Station
3
CHEST TUBE WITH UNDER WATER SEAL
33
1.
Identify the apparatus in photograph.
34
2.
Write three indications for tube thoracostomy.
35
3.
What are the boundaries of triangle of safety.
36
4.
What are the complications of tube thoracostomy.
37
01
Chest Tube With Under Water Seal
38
Station
3
CHEST TUBE WITH UNDER WATER SEAL
39
1.
Underwater seal.
40
2.
Hemothorax ,pneumothrax ,empyema, flail segment, post thoracotomy.
41
3.
Lateral border of petoralis major , Anterior border of lattismus dorsi , superior border of 5th rib.
42
4.
Hemorhage , infection , empyema of chest.
43
01
Chest Tube With Under Water Seal
44
Station
4
CHEST X‐RAY WITH FRACTURE RIBS
45
1.
Identify the pathology in the radiograph.
46
2.
What are the complications of above condition.
47
3.
What is the treatment of above condition.
48
4.
What is the flail segment.
49
01
Chest X-ray With Fracture Ribs
50
Station
4
CHEST X‐RAY WITH FRACTURE RIBS
51
1.
Multiple right rib fractures.
52
2.
Pulmonary contusions , pneumothorax , hemothorax.
53
3.
Chest tube insertion and analgesia.
54
5.
Chest tube and positive pressure ventilation.
55
01
Chest X-ray With Fracture Ribs
56
Station
5
CHEST X‐RAY WITH PNEUMOTHORAX
57
1.
Identify the pathology in x-ray.
58
2.
Give three causes of above condition.
59
3.
What is the immediate treatment of above condition.
60
4.
What is the definitive treatment of above condition.
61
5.
Describe the site of insertion of chest tube.
62
01
Chest X-ray with Pneumothorax
63
Station
5
CHEST X‐RAY WITH PNEUMOTHORAX
64
1.
Right pneumothorax and collapsed lung.
65
2.
Blunt trauma chest , emphysema , fracture ribs , cvp insertion.
66
3.
Needle thoracostomy.
67
4.
Chest tube insertion.
68
5
Forth or 5th intercostal space above the lower rib in the mid axillary line.
69
01
Chest X-ray with Pneumothorax
70
Station
6
CHEST X‐RAY WITH HISTORY OF CHEST TRAUMA
71
1.
Identify the pathology in above radiograph.
72
2.
Give three causes of above condition.
73
3.
What is the treatment of the condition in radiograph.
74
4.
What are the indications of emergency thoracotomy.
75
5.
What is the triangle of safety.
76
01
Chest X-ray with History Of Chest Trauma
77
Station
6
CHEST X‐RAY WITH HISTORY OF CHEST TRAUMA
78
1.
Hemothorax.
79
2.
Fracture ribs , blunt trauma chest , penetrating trauma to chest.
80
3.
Chest tube insertion.
81
4.
> 200 ml/hor blood via chest tube for 3 to 4 hours or > 1500 ml blood
thru chest tube.
82
5.
It is bordered by lateral border of petoralis major , lattismus dorsi , 6tth rib.
83
01
Chest X-ray with History Of Chest Trauma
84
Station
7
X RAY FEMUR
85
1.
Identify the pathology.
86
2
What is the estimated blood loss in this condition.
87
3.
What are the complications of this condition.
88
4.
How can we treat this condition.
89
5.
What is an open fracture.
90
Station
7
X RAY FEMUR
91
1.
Frature right shaft of femur.
92
2.
1 – 1.5 litre of blood.
93
3.
Infection , malunion , non union.
94
4.
External fixation , internal fixation ( nailing and plating ) , POP cast.
95
5.
Fracture with breach of skin over the fracture site.
96
01
X Ray Femur
97
Station
8
X RAY TIBIA AND FIBULA
98
1.
Identify the pathology in radiograph.
99
2.
What is the amount of blood lost in this condition.
100
3.
Give two methods of internal fixation.
101
4.
What are the complications of this condition.
102
5.
What is compartment syndrome and how is it treated.
103
01
X Ray Tibia and Fibula
104
Station
8
X RAY TIBIA AND FIBULA
105
1.
Fracture right tibia and fibula shaft.
106
2.
1 to 1.5 litr blood.
107
3.
ORIF (open reduction and fixation) Intra medullary nailing and plating.
108
4.
Compartement syndrome , infection , non-union, malunion.
109
5.
Fasciotomy.
110
01
X Ray Tibia and Fibula
111
Station
9
BURNS
112
1.
What are the degrees of burns.
113
2.
What method is used to estimate burn area.
114
3.
How resuscitation fluid for burns is calculated.
115
4.
What are primary areas for burns.
116
5.
What are the complications of burns.
117
Station
9
BURNS
118
1.
Three degrees first degree, 2nd degree ,3rd degree.
119
2.
Rule of nine.
120
3.
Parkland formula.
121
4.
Hands , face ,perineum ,feet.
122
5.
Inhalational injury, infection, fluid loss, renal faliure, contractures.
123
Station
10
X‐RAY PELVIS
124
1.
Identify the pathology in radiograph.
125
2.
What is the amount of blood lost in above condition.
126
3.
Name two common visceral injuries with this condition.
127
4.
What are the types of pelvic fractures.
128
5.
What is the immediate treatment for this condition.
129
Station
10
X‐RAY PELVIS
130
1.
Fracture left hemipelvis (pubic and ischial ramus, sacrum.
131
2.
2.5-3 liters of blood.
132
3.
Urethra, bladder, rectum, urocular injury.
133
4.
Open book , lateral compression fracture ,vertical shear fracture.
134
5.
Pelvic binder or external fixator, PASGarment.
135
01
X-ray Pelvis
136
Station
11
VARICOSE VEINS
137
1.
Identify the pathology in photograph.
138
2.
What are the common sites for venous reflux.
139
3.
Give location of sapheno-femoral junction.
140
4.
What is the investigation of choice for this condition.
141
5.
What method are used to treat this condition.
142
Station
11
VARICOSE VEINS
143
1.
Caricose veins.
144
2.
Saphenofemoral junction , saphenopopliteal junction , perforators.
145
3.
2 cm below and lateral to pubic tuburcle.
146
4.
Doppler ultrasound.
147
5.
Compression stockings, surgery , sclerotherapy , laser ablation.
148
01
Varicose Veins
149
Station
12
BLADDER STONE
150
1.
Identify the pathology in pelvis of this x-ray.
151
2.
What are its types.
152
3.
What are the two investigations helpful in diagnosing this condition.
153
4.
Write complications of this condition.
154
5.
What is the treatment of this condition.
155
01
Bladder Stone
156
Station
12
BLADDER STONE
157
1.
Vesical stone.
158
2.
Primary and secondary stones.
159
3.
Ultrasound and Intravenous urogram.
160
4.
Urinary tract infection , Bladder outlet obstruction, hematuria.
161
5.
Cystolithilapaxy, cystlithotomy.
162
01
Bladder Stone
163
Station
13
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
164
1.
Identify the apparatus in photograph.
165
2.
Give four indications of use.
166
3.
Give two complications.
167
4.
How can the correct placement be confirmed.
168
5.
What is the significance of marking on the tube.
169
Station
13
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
170
1.
Nasogastric tube.
171
2.
Feeding ,drainage or gastric decompression ,gastric lavage.
172
3.
Bleeding , malposition, esophageal stricture.
173
4.
Litmus test, x-ray chest, insufflation test.
174
5.
Mark I -40 cm esophagogastric junction ,mark II-50 cm body of stomach,
mark III-60 cm pyloric antrum.
175
01
Nasogastric Tube
176
Station
14
ABDOMINAL X‐RAY WITH OBSTRUCTION
177
1.
What is the diagnosis.
178
2.
What are the key findings in the radiograph.
179
3.
Write 3 common causes of the above condition.
180
4.
How will you treat this patient initially.
181
5.
What are the metabolic complications of this condition.
182
01
Abdominal X-ray with Obstruction
183
Station
14
ABDOMINAL X‐RAY WITH OBSTRUCTION
184
1.
Intestinal obstruction.
185
2.
Air fluid levels , dilated loops of bowel.
186
3.
External hernia , adhesions , tumor of bowel.
187
4.
Iv fluids , nasogastric decompression.
188
5.
Hypokalemia , hyponatremia.
189
01
Abdominal X-ray with Obstruction
190
Station
15
FREE AIR UNDER DIAPHRAGM
191
1.
What is the key finding in above radiograph.
192
2.
What is the diagnosis.
193
3.
Write four causes for this finding.
194
4.
What initial steps of management will be required in peritonitis.
195
5.
What surgical procedure will this patient require.
196
01
Free Air Under Diaphragm
197
Station
15
FREE AIR UNDER DIAPHRAGM
198
1.
Free air under diaphragm.
199
2.
Perforation of hollow viscera.
200
3.
Visceral perforation,
Post laporotomy or laproscopy
201
4.
NPO.
202
5.
Laporotomy and corrective procedure.
203
01
Free Air Under Diaphragm
204
Station
16
GROIN SWELLING
205
1.
Give diagnosis.
206
2.
What test will you perform to differentiate it from scrotal swelling.
207
3.
What is the treatment of above condition.
208
4.
What are the complications of above condition.
209
5.
What are the boundaries of hasselbachs triangle.
210
6.
What are the types of this condition.
211
01
Groin Swelling
212
Station
16
GROIN SWELLING
213
1.
Left inguinal hernia.
214
2.
If you can get above the swelling it is scrotal swelling and otherwise.
215
3.
Hernioraphy.
216
4.
Obstruction and strangulation.
217
5.
Medial border of rectus abdominus , inferior epigastric artery , inguinal
ligament.
218
6.
Direct and indirect inguinal hernia.
219
01
Groin Swelling
220
Station
17
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
221
1.
Identify the object.
222
2.
What are the indications for use.
223
3.
What are the complications of use.
224
4.
Define definitive airway.
225
5.
What are the parts.
226
6.
How it is sterilized.
227
Station
17
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
228
1.
Endotracheal tube with cuff.
229
3.
Tracheal injury ,esophageal intubation ,right bronchial intubation,
230
4.
Baloon ,port for balloon inflation ,tracheal end ,external end.
231
5.
Gamma radiation.
232
01
Endotracheal Tube
233
Station
18
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
234
1.
Identify the object.
235
2.
What are the indications for tracheostomy.
236
3.
What steps are required in tracheostomy care.
237
4.
What are the complicationsof tracheostomy.
238
Station
18
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
239
1.
Tracheostomy tube.
240
2.
Severe facial injury, failure to introduce ETT, acute laryngeal edema, injury
to larynx, where prolonged intubation required, foreign body in upper
241
3.
Humidification of air ,regular suction of secretions.
242
4.
Soft tissue injury, esophageal perforation, tracheal stenosis, hemorrhage,
pneumothorax, injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve, apnoea, atelactasis
243
01
Tracheostomy Tube
244
Station
19
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
245
1.
Identify the object.
246
2.
When it is used.
247
3.
How is it sterilized.
248
4.
Other methods of maintaining airway.
249
5.
When it is removed.
250
Station
19
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
251
1.
Oropharyngeal airway.
252
3.
Gamma radiation.
253
4.
Head tilt , chin lift, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy.
254
5.
When patient is conscious.
255
01
Oropharyngeal Airway
256
Station
20
FOLEYS CATHETER 2‐WAY
257
1.
Identify the object.
258
2.
What are different sizes commonly used.
259
3.
Name different parts.
260
4.
What are the indications for use.
261
5.
How is it sterilized.
262
6.
What are the complications.
263
Station
20
FOLEYS CATHETER 2‐WAY
264
1.
Foley's catheter.
265
2.
14, 16, 18, 20,22,24 fr.
266
3.
Balloon ,port for injecting fluid in balloon, port for urine drainage.
267
5.
Gamma radiation.
268
6.
Infection, urethral trauma.
269
01
Foleys Catheter 2-way
270
Station
21
FOLEYS CATHETER 3‐WAY
271
1.
Identify the instruments.
272
2.
Name the emergency situation where it is used.
273
3.
Name the parts.
274
4.
What are the complications .
275
5.
How it is secured in bladder.
276
Station
21
FOLEYS CATHETER 3‐WAY
277
1
Foley's three way catheter.
278
2
Clot retention , post bladder surgery for irrigation.
279
3.
Ballon ,port for balloon ,port for irrigation ,port for drainage.
280
4.
Urethral trauma, blockage, infection.
281
5.
It is secured in bladder with balloon.
282
01
Foleys Catheter 3-way
283
Station
22
REDIVEC SUCTION DRAIN
284
1.
Identify.
285
2.
What are its uses.
286
3.
What are the complications it prevents.
287
4.
Write two procedures where it can be used.
288
Station
22
REDIVEC SUCTION DRAIN
289
1.
Suction drain.
290
2.
Used in post operative period to drain any collections.
291
3.
It prevents hematoma, seroma.
292
4
Thyroidectomy and mastectomy.
293
01
Redivec Suction Drain
294
Station
23
T‐TUBE
295
1.
Identification.
296
2.
Indications for use.
297
3.
What are the findings.
298
4.
What investigation is done before removing it.
299
5.
When it is removed.
300
Station
23
T‐TUBE
301
1.
T-tube.
302
2.
Post Common bile duct exploration.
303
3.
T-tube in place ,dilated intrahepatic ducts, visible dye going in duodenum,
negative shadow at lower end of CBD.
304
4.
10th post operative day.
305
01
T-tube
306
Station
24
IV CANNULA
307
1.
Identify this item.
308
2.
Name two sites at which it is commonly used.
309
3.
Name two indications for changing its site.
310
4.
Name one complication for its use.
311
5.
Mention color codes for different sizes.
312
6.
Name three methods for maintaining IV line.
313
Station
24
IV CANNULA
314
1.
IV cannula.
315
2.
Cephalic vein ,basilic vein or cubital fossa.
316
3.
Swelling or redness.
317
4.
Thrombophelibitis , thromboembolism , embolism of cannula.
318
5.
Orange 14 ,grey 16 ,green 18 ,pink 20,blue 22, yellow 24.
319
6.
IV branula, ringer’s lactate, venesection.
320
01
IV Cannula
321
Station
25
FRACTURE CLAVICLE
322
1.
Identify the pathology.
323
2.
What are the steps in management.
324
3.
What are the complications.
325
4.
Which is the common site for fracture of above bone.
326
Station
25
FRACTURE CLAVICLE
327
1.
Fracture of Right clavicle.
328
2.
Analgesia.
Collar and cuff sting for 8 weeks.
329
3.
Non Union.
330
4.
At junction of the middle and outer 1/3.
331
Station
26
ABDOMINAL XRAY WITH URETERIC STENT
332
1.
What can seen in the x-ray.
333
2.
What are the indications for is use.
334
3.
What are its complications.
335
4.
How is it sterilized.
336
Station
26
ABDOMINAL XRAY WITH URETERIC STENT
337
1.
Left DJ (Ureteric stent).
338
2.
Ureteric repair.
Ureteric obstruction.
339
3.
Infection
340
4.
Gamma Radiation.
341
01
Abdominal Xray with Ureteric Stent
342
Station
27
CHOLANGIOGRAM
343
1.
Identify the radiograph.
344
2.
What are the indications of this investigation.
345
3.
What is preparation for this.
346
4.
What are the common complications.
347
Station
27
CHOLANGIOGRAM
348
1.
ERCP cholangiogram.
349
3
Check coagulation, prophylactic antibiotics, explanation of complications.
350
4
Pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding, duodenal perforation.
351
01
Cholangiogram
352
Station
28
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
353
1.
Identify findings on x-ray.
354
2.
Common causes of above pathology.
355
3.
Metabolic and electrolyte changes in the above pathology.
356
4.
Investigation of choice in congenital pyloric stenosis.
357
5.
What is the treatment?
358
01
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
359
Station
28
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
360
1.
Gastric outlet obstruction.
361
2.
Pyloric stenosis.
362
3.
Hypochloremic Alkalosis.
Hyponatremia.
363
4.
Ultrasound.
364
5.
Pyloroplasty.
365
01
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
366
Station
29
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION X‐RAY
367
1.
What is the diagnosis.
368
2.
Common causes of intestinal obstruction.
369
3.
What types of x-rays.
370
4.
What is the treatment.
371
Station
30
X‐RAY RETROSTERNAL GOITER
372
1.
What is the diagnosis.
373
2.
What are the complications.
374
3.
What are the physical signs of this condition.
375
4.
What is the treatment.
376
5.
What are the indications for thyroid scan.
377
Station
30
X‐RAY RETROSTERNAL GOITER
378
1.
Retro sternal goitre.
379
2.
Respiratory obstruction.
Venous compression.
380
2.
Superior venacaval compression (Positive pemberton’s sign)
381
4.
Thyroidectomy.
382
5.
Toxic nodular goitre.
383
01
X-ray Retrosternal Goiter
384
Station
31
INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (FINDINGS OF MASS)
385
1.
Identify the investigations.
386
2.
What is the diagnosis.
387
3.
What are further investigations required.
388
4.
What are the treatment of this options for renal stone.
389
01
Intravenous Urogram (Findings of Mass)
390
Station
31
INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (FINDINGS OF MASS)
391
1.
IVU
392
2.
L hydronephrosis and (Stone) Filling defect in Renal pelvis.
393
3.
Ultrasound examination.
394
4.
ESWL.
395
01
Intravenous Urogram (Findings of Mass)
396
Station
32
CT SCAN ABDOMEN WITH HYDATID CYST
397
1.
What is the most likely diagnosis.
398
2.
Other serological investigations required.
399
3.
What is the causative organism.
400
4.
What are the treatment options.
401
5.
What is the drug of choice for treatment.
402
Station
32
CT SCAN ABDOMEN WITH HYDATID CYST
403
1.
Hydatid cyst disease of liver.
404
2.
Antibodies against Echinococcus.
405
3.
Echinococcus granulosus.
406
4.
Surgery, PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration injection, Re-aspiration).
407
5.
Mebendazole, Albendazole.
408
01
Ct Scan Abdomen with Hydatid Cyst
409
Station
33
BARIUM ENEMA
410
1.
Name the investigation.
411
2.
What are the positive findings.
412
3.
When is the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
413
4.
Give stages of dukes classification.
414
Station
33
BARIUM ENEMA
415
1.
Barium enema.
416
2.
Apple core lesion in sigmoid colon.
417
3.
Ceacum and right colon-right hemicolectomy, transverse colon-extended
right hemicolectomy, descending colon-left hemicolectomy,rectum and
418
01
Barium Enema
419
Station
34
FRACTURE PATELLA
420
1.
What is the diagnosis in radiograph.
421
2.
What is the immediate treatment.
422
3.
What is the specific treatment.
423
4.
What are the complications.
424
Station
34
FRACTURE PATELLA
425
1.
Fracture of patella.
426
2.
Analgesia
Immobilization with external cast.
427
3.
ORIF (Tension Band wiring).
428
4.
Non Union.
Knee Stiffness.
429
Station
35
PTC PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAM
430
1.
Name the investigation.
431
2.
What are the possible complications.
432
3.
What are the findings.
433
4.
What are the indications
434
01
Ptc Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram
435
Station
35
PTC PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAM
436
1.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram.
437
2.
Hemorrhage, bile peritonitis ,cholangitis , septicemia.
438
3.
Upper extent of malignant stricture of CBD.
439
4.
DIAGNOSTIC : obstructive pattern of LFT's,stricture CBD THERAPEUTIC:
440
01
Ptc Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram
441
Station
36
CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
442
1.
What is the injury in this x-ray.
443
2.
What are the complications.
444
3.
What will be first step in management.
445
4.
What are the further investigations required.
446
5.
Name three views to evaluate c spine.
447
Station
36
CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
448
1.
Fracture of C7 (Cervical vertebra).
449
2.
Paraplegia.
450
3.
Analgesia, C-spine immobilization.
451
4.
CT Scan C-spine.
452
5.
AP view
Lateral view
453
Station
37
URETHROGRAM
454
1.
Name the investigation.
455
2.
What is the diagnosis.
456
3.
What are two common causes.
457
4.
What are the late complications.
458
5.
What is the treatment.
459
Station
37
URETHROGRAM
460
1.
Urethrogram.
461
2.
Stricture urethra.
462
3.
Trauma
Infection.
463
4.
Bladder outlet obstruction.
UTI
464
5.
Internal urethrotomy.
465
Station
38
COLLE'S FRACTURE
466
1.
What is the deformity / diagnosis.
467
2.
What are the complications.
468
3.
What are the options for management.
469
4.
What is commonly the mechanism of injury.
470
Station
38
COLLE'S FRACTURE
471
1.
Colle’s fracture / dinner fork deformity.
472
2.
Median nerve injury.
Wrist stiffness
473
3.
External cast immobilization + close reduction.
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
474
4.
Fall on outstretched hand.
475
Station
39
IVU WITH DILATED RENAL PELVIS
476
1.
Identify the object
477
2.
How is its size measured.
478
3.
What are the indication of use.
479
4.
What are the contra indications.
480
Station
39
IVU WITH DILATED RENAL PELVIS
481
1.
Oropharyngeal airway.
482
2.
It is measured from earlobe to angle of mouth.
483
3.
Unconscious patients.
484
4.
Fracture of facial bones.
485
01
IVU with Dilated Renal Pelvis
486
Station
40
BARIUM SWALLOW(ESOPHAGEAL SWALLOW)
487
1.
Name the investigation.
488
2.
What are the findings.
489
3.
What are the causes of above condition.
490
4.
What is the treatment of achalasia cardia.
491
01
Barium Swallow(esophageal Swallow)
492
Station
40
BARIUM SWALLOW(ESOPHAGEAL SWALLOW)
493
1.
Barium swallow.
494
2.
Dilated proximal esophagus.
Narrowing (Bird’s beak sign).
495
3.
Achalasia cardia.
Carcinoma esophagus.
496
4.
Medical Treatment:
Surgical Treatment:
497
Station
41
X‐RAY SHOULDER DISLOCATION
498
1.
What is the diagnosis.
499
2.
What are the possible complications.
500
3.
What is the management.
