Surgery OSPE Flashcards
Station 1
Carefully Look at the photograph and answer following questions:
1
Describe the lesion in photograph.
2
What is ABPI.
3
What examination is essential for assessment.
4
write two investigations that are required.
5
what is the treatment of this condition.
1.
Ulcer at the lateral border of sole of foot.
2.
It is the ratio of systolic blood pressure at ankle and arm.
3.
Examination of peripheral pulses and neurological examination.
4.
X-ray of foot and random blood sugar.
5.
Surgical debridement and regular dressings.
Station
1
DIABETIC ULCER
1
Describe the lesion in photograph.
2
What is ABPI.
3
What examination is essential for assessment.
4
write two investigations that are required.
5
what is the treatment of this condition.
Station
2
EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA
1.
Identify the investigation given in photograph.
2.
What are the clinical features of the condition in photograph.
3.
What clinical scoring will be required for this patient.
4.
What pathology is in the photograph.
5.
What is the treatment for this condition.
01
Extradural hematoma
Station
2
EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA
1.
CT scan of head.
2.
History of trauma ,headache ,confusion, lucid interval ,scalp injury.
3.
Glasgow coma scale.
4.
Left extradural hematoma.
5.
Burr hole ,evacuation of hematoma.
01
Diabetic Ulcer
Station
3
CHEST TUBE WITH UNDER WATER SEAL
1.
Identify the apparatus in photograph.
2.
Write three indications for tube thoracostomy.
3.
What are the boundaries of triangle of safety.
4.
What are the complications of tube thoracostomy.
01
Chest Tube With Under Water Seal
Station
3
CHEST TUBE WITH UNDER WATER SEAL
1.
Underwater seal.
2.
Hemothorax ,pneumothrax ,empyema, flail segment, post thoracotomy.
3.
Lateral border of petoralis major , Anterior border of lattismus dorsi , superior border of 5th rib.
4.
Hemorhage , infection , empyema of chest.
01
Chest Tube With Under Water Seal
Station
4
CHEST X‐RAY WITH FRACTURE RIBS
1.
Identify the pathology in the radiograph.
2.
What are the complications of above condition.
3.
What is the treatment of above condition.
4.
What is the flail segment.
01
Chest X-ray With Fracture Ribs
Station
4
CHEST X‐RAY WITH FRACTURE RIBS
1.
Multiple right rib fractures.
2.
Pulmonary contusions , pneumothorax , hemothorax.
3.
Chest tube insertion and analgesia.
5.
Chest tube and positive pressure ventilation.
01
Chest X-ray With Fracture Ribs
Station
5
CHEST X‐RAY WITH PNEUMOTHORAX
1.
Identify the pathology in x-ray.
2.
Give three causes of above condition.
3.
What is the immediate treatment of above condition.
4.
What is the definitive treatment of above condition.
5.
Describe the site of insertion of chest tube.
01
Chest X-ray with Pneumothorax
Station
5
CHEST X‐RAY WITH PNEUMOTHORAX
1.
Right pneumothorax and collapsed lung.
2.
Blunt trauma chest , emphysema , fracture ribs , cvp insertion.
3.
Needle thoracostomy.
4.
Chest tube insertion.
5
Forth or 5th intercostal space above the lower rib in the mid axillary line.
01
Chest X-ray with Pneumothorax
Station
6
CHEST X‐RAY WITH HISTORY OF CHEST TRAUMA
1.
Identify the pathology in above radiograph.
2.
Give three causes of above condition.
3.
What is the treatment of the condition in radiograph.
4.
What are the indications of emergency thoracotomy.
5.
What is the triangle of safety.
01
Chest X-ray with History Of Chest Trauma
Station
6
CHEST X‐RAY WITH HISTORY OF CHEST TRAUMA
1.
Hemothorax.
2.
Fracture ribs , blunt trauma chest , penetrating trauma to chest.
3.
Chest tube insertion.
4.
> 200 ml/hor blood via chest tube for 3 to 4 hours or > 1500 ml blood
thru chest tube.
5.
It is bordered by lateral border of petoralis major , lattismus dorsi , 6tth rib.
01
Chest X-ray with History Of Chest Trauma
Station
7
X RAY FEMUR
1.
Identify the pathology.
2
What is the estimated blood loss in this condition.
3.
What are the complications of this condition.
4.
How can we treat this condition.
5.
What is an open fracture.
Station
7
X RAY FEMUR
1.
Frature right shaft of femur.
2.
1 – 1.5 litre of blood.
3.
Infection , malunion , non union.
4.
External fixation , internal fixation ( nailing and plating ) , POP cast.
5.
Fracture with breach of skin over the fracture site.
01
X Ray Femur
Station
8
X RAY TIBIA AND FIBULA
1.
Identify the pathology in radiograph.
2.
What is the amount of blood lost in this condition.
3.
Give two methods of internal fixation.
4.
What are the complications of this condition.
5.
What is compartment syndrome and how is it treated.
01
X Ray Tibia and Fibula
Station
8
X RAY TIBIA AND FIBULA
1.
Fracture right tibia and fibula shaft.
2.
1 to 1.5 litr blood.
3.
ORIF (open reduction and fixation) Intra medullary nailing and plating.
4.
Compartement syndrome , infection , non-union, malunion.
5.
Fasciotomy.
01
X Ray Tibia and Fibula
Station
9
BURNS
1.
What are the degrees of burns.
2.
What method is used to estimate burn area.
3.
How resuscitation fluid for burns is calculated.
4.
What are primary areas for burns.
5.
What are the complications of burns.
Station
9
BURNS
1.
Three degrees first degree, 2nd degree ,3rd degree.
2.
Rule of nine.
3.
Parkland formula.
4.
Hands , face ,perineum ,feet.
5.
Inhalational injury, infection, fluid loss, renal faliure, contractures.
Station
10
X‐RAY PELVIS
1.
Identify the pathology in radiograph.
2.
What is the amount of blood lost in above condition.
3.
Name two common visceral injuries with this condition.
4.
What are the types of pelvic fractures.
5.
What is the immediate treatment for this condition.
Station
10
X‐RAY PELVIS
1.
Fracture left hemipelvis (pubic and ischial ramus, sacrum.
2.
2.5-3 liters of blood.
3.
Urethra, bladder, rectum, urocular injury.
4.
Open book , lateral compression fracture ,vertical shear fracture.
5.
Pelvic binder or external fixator, PASGarment.
01
X-ray Pelvis
Station
11
VARICOSE VEINS
1.
Identify the pathology in photograph.
2.
What are the common sites for venous reflux.
3.
Give location of sapheno-femoral junction.
4.
What is the investigation of choice for this condition.
5.
What method are used to treat this condition.
Station
11
VARICOSE VEINS
1.
Caricose veins.
2.
Saphenofemoral junction , saphenopopliteal junction , perforators.
3.
2 cm below and lateral to pubic tuburcle.
4.
Doppler ultrasound.
5.
Compression stockings, surgery , sclerotherapy , laser ablation.
01
Varicose Veins
Station
12
BLADDER STONE
1.
Identify the pathology in pelvis of this x-ray.
2.
What are its types.
3.
What are the two investigations helpful in diagnosing this condition.
4.
Write complications of this condition.
5.
What is the treatment of this condition.
01
Bladder Stone
Station
12
BLADDER STONE
1.
Vesical stone.
2.
Primary and secondary stones.
3.
Ultrasound and Intravenous urogram.
4.
Urinary tract infection , Bladder outlet obstruction, hematuria.
5.
Cystolithilapaxy, cystlithotomy.
01
Bladder Stone
Station
13
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
1.
Identify the apparatus in photograph.
2.
Give four indications of use.
3.
Give two complications.
4.
How can the correct placement be confirmed.
5.
What is the significance of marking on the tube.
Station
13
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
1.
Nasogastric tube.
2.
Feeding ,drainage or gastric decompression ,gastric lavage.
3.
Bleeding , malposition, esophageal stricture.
4.
Litmus test, x-ray chest, insufflation test.
5.
Mark I -40 cm esophagogastric junction ,mark II-50 cm body of stomach,
mark III-60 cm pyloric antrum.
01
Nasogastric Tube
Station
14
ABDOMINAL X‐RAY WITH OBSTRUCTION
1.
What is the diagnosis.
2.
What are the key findings in the radiograph.
3.
Write 3 common causes of the above condition.
4.
How will you treat this patient initially.
5.
What are the metabolic complications of this condition.
01
Abdominal X-ray with Obstruction
Station
14
ABDOMINAL X‐RAY WITH OBSTRUCTION
1.
Intestinal obstruction.
2.
Air fluid levels , dilated loops of bowel.
3.
External hernia , adhesions , tumor of bowel.
4.
Iv fluids , nasogastric decompression.
5.
Hypokalemia , hyponatremia.
01
Abdominal X-ray with Obstruction
Station
15
FREE AIR UNDER DIAPHRAGM
1.
What is the key finding in above radiograph.
2.
What is the diagnosis.
3.
Write four causes for this finding.
4.
What initial steps of management will be required in peritonitis.
5.
What surgical procedure will this patient require.
01
Free Air Under Diaphragm
Station
15
FREE AIR UNDER DIAPHRAGM
1.
Free air under diaphragm.
2.
Perforation of hollow viscera.
3.
Visceral perforation,
Post laporotomy or laproscopy
4.
NPO.
5.
Laporotomy and corrective procedure.
01
Free Air Under Diaphragm
Station
16
GROIN SWELLING
1.
Give diagnosis.
2.
What test will you perform to differentiate it from scrotal swelling.
3.
What is the treatment of above condition.
4.
What are the complications of above condition.
5.
What are the boundaries of hasselbachs triangle.
6.
What are the types of this condition.
01
Groin Swelling
Station
16
GROIN SWELLING
1.
Left inguinal hernia.
2.
If you can get above the swelling it is scrotal swelling and otherwise.
3.
Hernioraphy.
4.
Obstruction and strangulation.
5.
Medial border of rectus abdominus , inferior epigastric artery , inguinal
ligament.
6.
Direct and indirect inguinal hernia.
01
Groin Swelling
Station
17
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
1.
Identify the object.
2.
What are the indications for use.
3.
What are the complications of use.
4.
Define definitive airway.
5.
What are the parts.
6.
How it is sterilized.
Station
17
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
1.
Endotracheal tube with cuff.
3.
Tracheal injury ,esophageal intubation ,right bronchial intubation,
4.
Baloon ,port for balloon inflation ,tracheal end ,external end.
5.
Gamma radiation.
01
Endotracheal Tube
Station
18
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
1.
Identify the object.
2.
What are the indications for tracheostomy.
3.
What steps are required in tracheostomy care.
4.
What are the complicationsof tracheostomy.
Station
18
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
1.
Tracheostomy tube.
2.
Severe facial injury, failure to introduce ETT, acute laryngeal edema, injury
to larynx, where prolonged intubation required, foreign body in upper
3.
Humidification of air ,regular suction of secretions.
4.
Soft tissue injury, esophageal perforation, tracheal stenosis, hemorrhage,
pneumothorax, injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve, apnoea, atelactasis
01
Tracheostomy Tube
Station
19
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
1.
Identify the object.
2.
When it is used.
3.
How is it sterilized.
4.
Other methods of maintaining airway.
5.
When it is removed.
Station
19
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
1.
Oropharyngeal airway.
3.
Gamma radiation.
4.
Head tilt , chin lift, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy.
5.
When patient is conscious.
01
Oropharyngeal Airway
Station
20
FOLEYS CATHETER 2‐WAY
1.
Identify the object.
2.
What are different sizes commonly used.
3.
Name different parts.
4.
What are the indications for use.
5.
How is it sterilized.
6.
What are the complications.
Station
20
FOLEYS CATHETER 2‐WAY
1.
Foley’s catheter.
2.
14, 16, 18, 20,22,24 fr.
3.
Balloon ,port for injecting fluid in balloon, port for urine drainage.
5.
Gamma radiation.
6.
Infection, urethral trauma.
01
Foleys Catheter 2-way
Station
21
FOLEYS CATHETER 3‐WAY
1.
Identify the instruments.
2.
Name the emergency situation where it is used.
3.
Name the parts.
4.
What are the complications .
5.
How it is secured in bladder.
Station
21
FOLEYS CATHETER 3‐WAY
1
Foley’s three way catheter.
2
Clot retention , post bladder surgery for irrigation.
3.
Ballon ,port for balloon ,port for irrigation ,port for drainage.
4.
Urethral trauma, blockage, infection.
5.
It is secured in bladder with balloon.
01
Foleys Catheter 3-way
Station
22
REDIVEC SUCTION DRAIN
1.
Identify.
2.
What are its uses.
3.
What are the complications it prevents.
4.
Write two procedures where it can be used.
Station
22
REDIVEC SUCTION DRAIN
1.
Suction drain.
2.
Used in post operative period to drain any collections.
3.
It prevents hematoma, seroma.
4
Thyroidectomy and mastectomy.
01
Redivec Suction Drain
Station
23
T‐TUBE
1.
Identification.
2.
Indications for use.
3.
What are the findings.
4.
What investigation is done before removing it.
5.
When it is removed.
Station
23
T‐TUBE
1.
T-tube.
2.
Post Common bile duct exploration.
3.
T-tube in place ,dilated intrahepatic ducts, visible dye going in duodenum,
negative shadow at lower end of CBD.
4.
10th post operative day.
01
T-tube
Station
24
IV CANNULA
1.
Identify this item.
2.
Name two sites at which it is commonly used.
3.
Name two indications for changing its site.
4.
Name one complication for its use.
5.
Mention color codes for different sizes.
6.
Name three methods for maintaining IV line.
Station
24
IV CANNULA
1.
IV cannula.
2.
Cephalic vein ,basilic vein or cubital fossa.
3.
Swelling or redness.
4.
Thrombophelibitis , thromboembolism , embolism of cannula.
5.
Orange 14 ,grey 16 ,green 18 ,pink 20,blue 22, yellow 24.
6.
IV branula, ringer’s lactate, venesection.
01
IV Cannula
Station
25
FRACTURE CLAVICLE
1.
Identify the pathology.
2.
What are the steps in management.
3.
What are the complications.
4.
Which is the common site for fracture of above bone.
Station
25
FRACTURE CLAVICLE
1.
Fracture of Right clavicle.
2.
Analgesia.
Collar and cuff sting for 8 weeks.
3.
Non Union.
4.
At junction of the middle and outer 1/3.
Station
26
ABDOMINAL XRAY WITH URETERIC STENT
1.
What can seen in the x-ray.
2.
What are the indications for is use.
3.
What are its complications.
4.
How is it sterilized.
Station
26
ABDOMINAL XRAY WITH URETERIC STENT
1.
Left DJ (Ureteric stent).
2.
Ureteric repair.
Ureteric obstruction.
3.
Infection
4.
Gamma Radiation.
01
Abdominal Xray with Ureteric Stent
Station
27
CHOLANGIOGRAM
1.
Identify the radiograph.
2.
What are the indications of this investigation.
3.
What is preparation for this.
4.
What are the common complications.
Station
27
CHOLANGIOGRAM
1.
ERCP cholangiogram.
3
Check coagulation, prophylactic antibiotics, explanation of complications.
4
Pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding, duodenal perforation.
01
Cholangiogram
Station
28
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
1.
Identify findings on x-ray.
2.
Common causes of above pathology.
3.
Metabolic and electrolyte changes in the above pathology.
4.
Investigation of choice in congenital pyloric stenosis.
5.
What is the treatment?
01
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Station
28
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
1.
Gastric outlet obstruction.
2.
Pyloric stenosis.
3.
Hypochloremic Alkalosis.
Hyponatremia.
4.
Ultrasound.
5.
Pyloroplasty.
01
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Station
29
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION X‐RAY
1.
What is the diagnosis.
2.
Common causes of intestinal obstruction.
3.
What types of x-rays.
4.
What is the treatment.
Station
30
X‐RAY RETROSTERNAL GOITER
1.
What is the diagnosis.
2.
What are the complications.
3.
What are the physical signs of this condition.
4.
What is the treatment.
5.
What are the indications for thyroid scan.
Station
30
X‐RAY RETROSTERNAL GOITER
1.
Retro sternal goitre.
2.
Respiratory obstruction.
Venous compression.
2.
Superior venacaval compression (Positive pemberton’s sign)
4.
Thyroidectomy.
5.
Toxic nodular goitre.
01
X-ray Retrosternal Goiter
Station
31
INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (FINDINGS OF MASS)
1.
Identify the investigations.
2.
What is the diagnosis.
3.
What are further investigations required.
4.
What are the treatment of this options for renal stone.
01
Intravenous Urogram (Findings of Mass)
Station
31
INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (FINDINGS OF MASS)
1.
IVU
2.
L hydronephrosis and (Stone) Filling defect in Renal pelvis.
3.
Ultrasound examination.
4.
ESWL.
01
Intravenous Urogram (Findings of Mass)
Station
32
CT SCAN ABDOMEN WITH HYDATID CYST
1.
What is the most likely diagnosis.
2.
Other serological investigations required.
3.
What is the causative organism.
4.
What are the treatment options.
5.
What is the drug of choice for treatment.
Station
32
CT SCAN ABDOMEN WITH HYDATID CYST
1.
Hydatid cyst disease of liver.
2.
Antibodies against Echinococcus.
3.
Echinococcus granulosus.
4.
Surgery, PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration injection, Re-aspiration).
5.
Mebendazole, Albendazole.
01
Ct Scan Abdomen with Hydatid Cyst
Station
33
BARIUM ENEMA
1.
Name the investigation.
2.
What are the positive findings.
3.
When is the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
4.
Give stages of dukes classification.
Station
33
BARIUM ENEMA
1.
Barium enema.
2.
Apple core lesion in sigmoid colon.
3.
Ceacum and right colon-right hemicolectomy, transverse colon-extended
right hemicolectomy, descending colon-left hemicolectomy,rectum and
01
Barium Enema
Station
34
FRACTURE PATELLA
1.
What is the diagnosis in radiograph.
2.
What is the immediate treatment.
3.
What is the specific treatment.
4.
What are the complications.
Station
34
FRACTURE PATELLA
1.
Fracture of patella.
2.
Analgesia
Immobilization with external cast.
3.
ORIF (Tension Band wiring).
4.
Non Union.
Knee Stiffness.
Station
35
PTC PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAM
1.
Name the investigation.
2.
What are the possible complications.
3.
What are the findings.
4.
What are the indications
01
Ptc Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram
Station
35
PTC PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAM
1.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram.
2.
Hemorrhage, bile peritonitis ,cholangitis , septicemia.
3.
Upper extent of malignant stricture of CBD.
4.
DIAGNOSTIC : obstructive pattern of LFT’s,stricture CBD THERAPEUTIC:
01
Ptc Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram
Station
36
CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
1.
What is the injury in this x-ray.
2.
What are the complications.
3.
What will be first step in management.
4.
What are the further investigations required.
5.
Name three views to evaluate c spine.
Station
36
CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
1.
Fracture of C7 (Cervical vertebra).
2.
Paraplegia.
3.
Analgesia, C-spine immobilization.
4.
CT Scan C-spine.
5.
AP view
Lateral view
Station
37
URETHROGRAM
1.
Name the investigation.
2.
What is the diagnosis.
3.
What are two common causes.
4.
What are the late complications.
5.
What is the treatment.
Station
37
URETHROGRAM
1.
Urethrogram.
2.
Stricture urethra.
3.
Trauma
Infection.
4.
Bladder outlet obstruction.
UTI
5.
Internal urethrotomy.
Station
38
COLLE’S FRACTURE
1.
What is the deformity / diagnosis.
2.
What are the complications.
3.
What are the options for management.
4.
What is commonly the mechanism of injury.
Station
38
COLLE’S FRACTURE
1.
Colle’s fracture / dinner fork deformity.
2.
Median nerve injury.
Wrist stiffness
3.
External cast immobilization + close reduction.
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
4.
Fall on outstretched hand.
Station
39
IVU WITH DILATED RENAL PELVIS
1.
Identify the object
2.
How is its size measured.
3.
What are the indication of use.
4.
What are the contra indications.
Station
39
IVU WITH DILATED RENAL PELVIS
1.
Oropharyngeal airway.
2.
It is measured from earlobe to angle of mouth.
3.
Unconscious patients.
4.
Fracture of facial bones.
01
IVU with Dilated Renal Pelvis
Station
40
BARIUM SWALLOW(ESOPHAGEAL SWALLOW)
1.
Name the investigation.
2.
What are the findings.
3.
What are the causes of above condition.
4.
What is the treatment of achalasia cardia.
01
Barium Swallow(esophageal Swallow)
Station
40
BARIUM SWALLOW(ESOPHAGEAL SWALLOW)
1.
Barium swallow.
2.
Dilated proximal esophagus.
Narrowing (Bird’s beak sign).
3.
Achalasia cardia.
Carcinoma esophagus.
4.
Medical Treatment:
Surgical Treatment:
Station
41
X‐RAY SHOULDER DISLOCATION
1.
What is the diagnosis.
2.
What are the possible complications.
3.
What is the management.
