surgery on the voice lecture Flashcards
what is reinke’s oedema?
the swelling of the vocal cords because of fluid between mucosa and vocal ligament (reinke’s area)
what are the symptoms of reinke’s oedema?
very hoarse voice
dysphonia
shortness of breath
what causes reinke’s oedema?
being a smoker usually
hyperthyroidism
how do you manage RO?
microlaryngoscopy (excision of mucosa and aspiration of fluid)
what are vocal nodules and what causes them?
they are small swellings -usually bilateral- caused by hyperfunction/vocal trauma/friction
if ignored can turn fibrous
what are the symptoms of vocal nodules?
hoarseness
reduced pitch control
reduced register
how would you treat vocal nodules?
first you would speech therapy
then surgery considered
what is vocal cord paralysis?
when the nerve to one or both of the vocal chord is not functioning
what causes vocal cord palsy?
smoking
lung cancer can be a big factor as pressur from tumour can press on nerve
what are the symptoms of vocal cord palsy?
breathy voice
tiring to speak
cough mechanism not working
how would you manage vocal cord palsy?
speech therapy
not whispering -speaking normally
what surgery would fix vocal cord palsy?
medialisation laryngoplasty
what is laryngeal papillomatosis?
a condition in which benign tumours form rapidlyin the larynx
what causes laryngeal papillomatosis?
HPV infection -strains 6 and 11
what are the symptoms of papillomatosis?
weak voice
trouble breathing
how is papillomatosis treated?
microlaryngoscopy which involves an endoscope and a Co2 laser
what are vocal cord cysts?
rare begin masses that are usually unilateral
what are the symptoms of vocal cysts?
hoarse voice
problems with pitch
how would you treat vocal cord cysts?
voice therapy
surgical excision
what are vocal polyps?
swellings, can be unilateral but usually bilateral.
what causes of vocal polyps?
vocal abuse e.g. shouting, hyperfunction
what are the symptoms of vocal polyps?
hoarseness
breathiness
what is the treatment for vocal polyps?
depends on the cause and size but you can have surgery or speech therapy
what is the difference between vocal nodules and polyps?
polyps tend to be bigger
polyps are more like blisters and nodules calluses
what causes chronic laryngitis?
long term smoking
what are the symptoms of chronic laryngitis?
hoarse voice
loss of voice
swollen glands in neck
what must happen if you are diagnosed with chronic laryngitis?
stop smoking
need biopsy
voice therapy
what is dysplasia?
the presence of abnormal cells in tissue that can be a precursor to malignancy
what does dysplasia clinically present as?
hoarseness
leukoplakia
what should happen after a diagnoses?
biopsy
stop smoking
surgery
