surgery on the voice lecture

Question 1

what is reinke’s oedema?

Answer 1

the swelling of the vocal cords because of fluid between mucosa and vocal ligament (reinke’s area)

Question 2

what are the symptoms of reinke’s oedema?

Answer 2

very hoarse voice
dysphonia
shortness of breath

Question 3

what causes reinke’s oedema?

Answer 3

being a smoker usually

hyperthyroidism

Question 4

how do you manage RO?

Answer 4

microlaryngoscopy (excision of mucosa and aspiration of fluid)

Question 5

what are vocal nodules and what causes them?

Answer 5

they are small swellings -usually bilateral- caused by hyperfunction/vocal trauma/friction
if ignored can turn fibrous

Question 6

what are the symptoms of vocal nodules?

Answer 6

hoarseness
reduced pitch control
reduced register

Question 7

how would you treat vocal nodules?

Answer 7

first you would speech therapy

then surgery considered

Question 8

what is vocal cord paralysis?

Answer 8

when the nerve to one or both of the vocal chord is not functioning

Question 9

what causes vocal cord palsy?

Answer 9

smoking

lung cancer can be a big factor as pressur from tumour can press on nerve

Question 10

what are the symptoms of vocal cord palsy?

Answer 10

breathy voice
tiring to speak
cough mechanism not working

Question 11

how would you manage vocal cord palsy?

Answer 11

speech therapy

not whispering -speaking normally

Question 12

what surgery would fix vocal cord palsy?

Answer 12

medialisation laryngoplasty

Question 13

what is laryngeal papillomatosis?

Answer 13

a condition in which benign tumours form rapidlyin the larynx

Question 14

what causes laryngeal papillomatosis?

Answer 14

HPV infection -strains 6 and 11

Question 15

what are the symptoms of papillomatosis?

Answer 15

weak voice

trouble breathing

Question 16

how is papillomatosis treated?

Answer 16

microlaryngoscopy which involves an endoscope and a Co2 laser

Question 17

what are vocal cord cysts?

Answer 17

rare begin masses that are usually unilateral

Question 18

what are the symptoms of vocal cysts?

Answer 18

hoarse voice

problems with pitch

Question 19

how would you treat vocal cord cysts?

Answer 19

voice therapy

surgical excision

Question 20

what are vocal polyps?

Answer 20

swellings, can be unilateral but usually bilateral.

Question 21

what causes of vocal polyps?

Answer 21

vocal abuse e.g. shouting, hyperfunction

Question 22

what are the symptoms of vocal polyps?

Answer 22

hoarseness

breathiness

Question 23

what is the treatment for vocal polyps?

Answer 23

depends on the cause and size but you can have surgery or speech therapy

Question 24

what is the difference between vocal nodules and polyps?

Answer 24

polyps tend to be bigger

polyps are more like blisters and nodules calluses

Question 25

what causes chronic laryngitis?

Answer 25

long term smoking

Question 26

what are the symptoms of chronic laryngitis?

Answer 26

hoarse voice
loss of voice
swollen glands in neck

Question 27

what must happen if you are diagnosed with chronic laryngitis?

Answer 27

stop smoking
need biopsy
voice therapy

Question 28

what is dysplasia?

Answer 28

the presence of abnormal cells in tissue that can be a precursor to malignancy

Question 29

what does dysplasia clinically present as?

Answer 29

hoarseness

leukoplakia

Question 30

what should happen after a diagnoses?

Answer 30

biopsy
stop smoking
surgery