Surgery - Industrial Flashcards
What underwent in this period?
The development of Anaesthetics
The development of Antiseptics
Ongoing problem of bloodloss
Aseptic surgery
Who discovered Chloroform in 1847?
James Simpson
What was chloroform?
It was the first anaesthetic that could make patients unconscious.
What problems did chloroform solve?
Pain and shock
Why was chloroform important?
It allowed doctors to perform deeper and more complex surgeries
What are some examples of chloroform being used?
The first open heart surgery in 1896.
The usage of chloroform in Queen Victoria’s childbirth.
What were the risks of Chloroform?
- Common overdoses
- Complex surgery led to an increase of deaths by blood loss and infection
- Unknown time where patient would wake up, so surgeries were rushed
What did chloroform lead to? And long term?
Surgery Black period between 1850-1870
Laid the foundation for modern anaesthetics.
Who discovered and developed Carbolic acid spray in in 1865?
Joseph Lister
What was Carbolic acid?
A spray that killed bacteria
Why was the development of Carbolic acid a huge breakthrough?
It was the first Antiseptic that massively reduced infections
What did Carbolic acid reduce?
Death by infections in amputations by 31%
Why was Carbolic acid slow to be accepted?
Many doctors didn’t believe in the germ theory.
What mild risks did Carbolic acid spray have?
It was corrosive
It damaged the hands of doctors
Joseph Lister even stopped using it.
What did Carbolic acid lead to in the long term?
Laid foundations for modern antiseptics.
Who was Joseph Lister?
A doctor who studied the germ theory and developed Carbolic acid spray.
When was Carbolic acid spray discovered?
1865
When was Chloroform discovered?
1847
Why was there an ongoing problem of blood loss?
It had not yet been solved and was the largest killer of those who underwent surgery during this time.
How was blood loss made worse and deaths went up?
The increase of complex surgeries where risks were high after chloroform and carbolic acid was discovered.
By what time did most hospitals engage in Aseptic surgery?
1890s
What was Aseptic surgery?
The cleansing and removal of bacteria in operating theatres and hospitals.
What did Aseptic surgery include?
Sterilising Medical equipments
Wearing gloves
Sterile clothing
Cleaning of wards and theatres
Why was Aseptic surgery important?
Since it decreased chances of infection as bacteria was no longer spread around.
When was the industrial period?
1700-1900
