Surgery Final Exam Flashcards
Which of the following features defines the suture materials drainage ability?
a. Monofilament vs multifilament
b. Tensile strength
c. Knot security
d. Absorption
Monofilament vs multifilament
Which statement is correct regarding intra- and post-op hypothermia?
a. decreased anesthetic demand
b. doxopram is the drug of choice in case of hypothermia
c. is mostly due to the use of opioids
d. increases the oxygen demand of the CNS
decreased anesthetic demand
which statement is correct concerning the maintenance phase of anesthesia?
a. General anesthesia may be maintained by either inhalant or injectable agents; combinations for maintenance are contraindicated
b. In the maintenance phase of anesthesia, application of 100 ml/bwkg/h crystalloid infusion is recommended to maintain normovolemia and normotension
c. The goal is to maintain the “surgical tolerance” depth of anesthesia using the lowest sufficient dose of anesthetics
d. The main duties of the anesthetist are monitoring of the patient, maintenance of homeostasis, fine adjustment of the depth of anesthesia and preservation of vagotonia
The goal is to maintain the ‘surgical tolerance’ depth of anesthesia using the lowest sufficient dose of anesthetics
What is the normal value of the Norberg angle in healthy dogs?
higher than 105 degrees
which of the following items is a member of the mixing part of the anesthesia machine?
a. Y-piece
b. Soda lime canister
c. Flowmeter
d. Breathing tubes
Flowmeter
which statement is correct?
a. acids can cause coagulation necrosis
b. alkalines can cause colliquation necrosis
c. both
d. neither
both
what is the no. of permanant teeth in dog
42
which of the following USP numbers indicates the thinnest suture material?
4-0
what statement is correct regarding the imaging of spinal cord compression (SCC)?
a. Disc calcification indicated SCC
b. A survey radiograph is generally enough to diagnose SCC
c. SCC can be caused exclusively by the intervertebral disc
d. Myelography is useful tool in the diagnostics of SCC
myelography is a useful tool in the diagnostics of SCC
which of the following suture materials in non-absorbable?
a. Polypropylene
b. Polydioxanone
c. Both
d. None
polypropylene
the proper name of the ‘oxspring’ view for the examination of the navicular bone is:
dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique view
which of the following parameters decreases in DIC?
Fibrinogen
which of the following suture materials is non-absorbable?
a. polypropylene
b. polyamide
c. both
d. none
Both
Which of the following features makes polypropylene the most popular cardiovascular suture material?
a. Monofilament features
b. Good tensile strength
c. Good knot security
d. Unique thrombophob feature
good tensile strength
what does 2-metric mean on a suture material pack?
the suture material is 0.2mm in diameter
current concepts of pain management/analgesia
a. Presumptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action)
b. Preemptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action)
c. Preemptive (prophylactic) and multilocal (acting at several different sites of action)
d. Of higher importance in adults than in pediatric patients
preemptive (prophylactic) and multimodal (acting at several different sites of action)
what is Spongostan?
Gelatin Sponge
which of the following is characteristic of Stresnil injection in swine anesthesia?
a. Duration is dose dependent
b. Neureoleptic drug
c. Administered only intravenously
d. Benzodiazepine derivate
Neuroleptic drug
Which statement is not correct regarding tracheal collapse?
a. The entire trachea is affected
b. The radiographic appearance is influenced by the respiratory phase
c. Its cause is the weakening of the cartilage
d. Mostly small breed dogs are affected
The entire trachea is affected
which statement is correct regarding physiology of the pediatric patient?
The vegetative innervation of the heart and the vasomotor function is immature
which drug is not recommended to use at a colic patient’s examination
Acepromazine
which one is an opioid antagonist?
Naloxon
phases of wound healing are
Acute inflammation, Resorption, Proliferation, Remodeling
The proper name of the ‘skyline’/ examination of the navicular bone
Palmaroprox-palmarodist oblique
which of the following is the main ‘shock organ’ of the horse and the cat?
Lung
Which statement is correct regarding dentin in dog?
a. It is capable of repair in living tooth
b. Dentin layer is thickening towards enamel during production
c. It comprises more than 98% inorganic elements (false)
d. It is continuously narrowing during aging
It is capable of repair in living tooth
which of the following organs is most commonly displaced/incarcerated leading to acute symptoms in case of perineal hernia?
a. Urinary bladder
b. Small intestines
c. Large intestines
d. Uterus
Urinary Bladder
Which of the following statements is incorrect? An active drain..
a. Is not recommended as flushing drain
b. Can be open suction-drain
c. Can be closed suction-drain
d. Is used as flushing drain
is not recommended as a flushing drain
what does ‘epulis’ mean?
benign fibromatous mass on the gingiva
which of the following statements is incorrect regarding salivary mucocele?
one of the effective treatments is puncture and content removal from the cyst
According to Vasanjee et al Vet Surg paper (2006), which of the following liver biopsy techniques caused remarkable collateral tissue damage?
Laparoscopic ‘pinch’ biopsy
Which of the following conditions does not cause hydronephrosis?
a. Ureteral torsion
b. Ureteral stricture associated with previous surgery
c. Ureteral tumor
d. Ureterolithiasis
Ureteral torsion
which of the following statements is incorrect concerning gastric foreign body?
a. The success rate of the gastroscopic foreign body removal can be as high as 95%
b. The gastrotomy is a contaminated/septic procedure
c. Gastric foreign body may cause perforation
d. Oral feeding can be started 4-6 hours after gastrotomy
The gastrotomy is a contaminated/septic procedure
What is the most common complication after a horse laryngoplasty?
a. Facial nerve paralysis
b. Temporary blindness
c. Laryngeal edema
d. myopathy
Laryngeal edema
Which of the following approaches is mostly recommended in case of diaphragmatic hernia repair?
a. Laparotomy
b. Lateral thoracotomy
c. Laparotomy + lateral thoracotomy
d. Sternotomy
Laparotomy
Which is correct regarding the lactate level of the abdominal fluid in colic horses?
a. It has no significance concerning the prognosis
b. Tissue perfusion of the brain can be related to the lactate level
c. It describes the extent of the hypoxia caused by endotoxemias
d. It can reach max. the half of the concentration in blood
It describes the extent of the hypoxia caused by endotoxemias
Which of the following suture materials is absorbable?
a. polypropylene
b. polyamide
c. both
d. none
None
which of the following signs has the strongest diagnostic value in intestinal intussusception?
a. Palpation of the invaginated intestinal section
b. Positive contrast abdominal GI radiography
c. Lack of feces
d. Vomiting
Palpation of the invaginated intestinal section
which statement is correct
a. Glucocorticoids specifically inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme
b. Non-steroids (NSAIDs) inhibit the production of leukotrienes
c. NSAIDs inhibit phospholipase A2
d. Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of inflammatory prostaglandins
Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of inflammatory prostaglandins
Which statement is correct concerning indication for abdominal surgery in horses
Serosanguineous abdominal fluid, elevated TP and progressively worse general status indicate celiotomy
Which statement is correct concerning endotracheal tube
Not only aspiration may be prevented by using endotracheal tubes, but it also allows for connection to the anesthesia machine by the Y-piece and mechanical ventilation
Which of the following is indicated in case of unilateral hydronephrosis?
a. Partial nephrectomy
b. Unilateral nephroureterectomy
c. Kidney-drainage
d. Euthanasia
Partial nephrectomy
Which approach is recommended for nasal opening in brachycephalic dogs?
Ventral Rhinotomy (due to lack of space dorsally)
Which of the following arteries does not directly contribute to splenic blood supply?
a. Left gastric
b. Left gasteoepiploic
c. Short gastric
d. Splenic
Left gastric
Which is not typical of hoof abscess?
a. Severe lameness
b. No palpable digital artery pulsation
c. Easily localized pain elicited with hoof tester
d. After debridement of the abscess, the lameness disappears soon
b. No palpable digital artery pulsation
What can be the cause of secondary sinusitis in horses?
Ascending infection from the oral cavity due to tooth fracture
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding nephrolithiasis?
a. It can occur bilaterally
b. It can lead to ureterolithiasis
c. It can be caused by congenital disorder
d. Dalmatians always form urate uroliths
Dalmatians always form urate uroliths
Which sign of the following reflects the most severe acute respiratory distress (pO2 is less than 60mmHg)
a. Dyspnoe
b. Cyanosis
c. Hyperventilation
d. Labial breathing
Cyanosis
Which anal zone involves circumanal hepatoid glands?
a. Zona cutanea
b. Linea anorectalis
c. Zona intermedia
d. Zona columnaris
Zona cutanea
Which of the following nerves is mostly prone to iatrogenic injury during TECA and LBO procedure?
Auriculopalpebral of the Facial nerve
Which is characteristic of right abomasal displacement?
It requires urgent operation
Which of the following diagnostic tools is the next to be chosen in case of uncertain radiographic findings in suspected diaphragmatic hernia?
a. Thoracocentesis
b. Abdominocentesis
c. Ultrasonography
d. Respiratory endoscopy
Ultrasonography
Intramedullary pinning is not good for..
a. Treatment of Achilles tendon fracture
b. Femoral fracture treatment in cats
c. Fixing calcaneal fractures
d. Treatment of avulsion fractures
Treatment of Achilles tendon fracture
Which type of small intestinal obstruction has usually the poorest prognosis?
Mesenteric torsion
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV)?
a. GDV starts right after the last feeding
b. The GDV may be caused by dietary disorders
c. There is also a chronic form of GDV
d. GDV is usually of acute onset
GDV starts right after the last feeding
The ileocecal fold in horses is attached to the..
a. Dorsal tenia of the cecum
b. Medial tenia of the cecum
c. Ventral tenia of the cecum
d. Apex of the cecum
Dorsal tenia of the cecum
Which of the following suture materials is not recommended for cystotomy wound closure (Greenberg, Am J Vets Res, 2004)
a. PDS
b. Polyglyconate
c. Glycomer
d. Polyglecaprone
Polyglecaprone
Which statement is correct
a. The blowout crack is a serious vertical hoof crack
b. The blowout crack is causing serious lameness in most of the cases
c. The blowout crack is a horizontal hoof crack
d. None
c. The blowout crack is a horizontal hoof crack
Which is not characteristic of the OCD in equine stifle
a. It can occur on the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro-patellar joint
b. It can occur on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro-patellar joint
c. It is associated with joint effusion
d. It is usually manifested in young animals
It can occur on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro-patellar joint
In carpal valgus deformity, the hoof location to the carpus is..
a. Abaxial
b. Axial
c. Cranial
d. Caudal
Abaxial
Which is the advised castration technique in standing horse
a. Open, unsutured
b. Open, sutured
c. Closed, unsutured
d. Closed, sutured
Open, unsutured
Which statement is correct
a. Stride is shortening in horses with navicular disease
b. Navicular disease is really common in Friesian horses
c. None
d. Both
a. Stride is shortening in horses with navicular disease
Which of the followings is the most informative one for diagnosing ectopic ureter?
a. Cystoscopy
b. Double contrast cystography
c. Intravenous urography + pneumocystography
d. Urinary scintigraphy (TcO4-)
Intravenous urography + pneumocystography
What does “sceletonisation” mean?
a. Cessation of the mesenterial blood supply on the intestinal section to be resected
b. V-shaped excision of the mesentery
c. Excision of the affected intestinal section
d. Suturing of the V-shaped mesenteric defect
Cessation of the mesenterial blood supply on the intestinal section to be resected
How many lung lobes has the dog?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
7
Which statement is correct?
a. The sites of the low palmar nerve block are at the level of the proximal sesamoids
b. Low palmar block anesthetizes the navicular region and the DIPJ as well
c. Low palmar block anesthetizes the distal (in the hoof capsule) DDFT lesions
d. All of them are correct
Low palmar block anesthetizes the distal (in the hoof capsule) DDFT lesions
Which of the following procedures is not recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts?
a. Marsupalisation
b. Omentalisation
c. Drainage
d. Puncture
d. Puncture
Which Is not typical of the left dorsal displacement of the large colon in horses?
Always needs surgical treatment
The material of Cerclage can be..
a. Kirschner wire
b. Absorbable suture
c. Non-absorbable suture
d. Fishing line
Absorbable suture
The most common cause of ceco-cecal invagination in horses is..
a. Cecal obstipation
b. Typhlocolitis
c. Anaplocephala infection
d. Congenital abnormality
Anaplocephala infection
Which of the following breeds is usually not affected by ectopic ureter?
a. German shepherd
b. Labrador
c. Husky
d. West highland terrier
German shepherd
Which of the diagnostic findings indicates the diagnosis of urinary bladder rupture?
a. If the cystourethral catheterization cannot harvest urine in a traumatized patient
b. If the urine is bloody obtained via cystourethral catheterization in a traumatized patients
c. If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive anterograde cystography
d. If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive retrograde cystography
d. If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive retrograde cystography
Which statement is correct?
a. The cranial phase of the stride is longer in supporting limb lameness
b. The origin of the pain is usually located in the proximal area in supporting limb lameness
c. Both
d. None
a. The cranial phase of the stride is longer in supporting limb lameness
Swinging limb lameness
Cranial phase of stride is shorter, worse in outside circle, problem is higher
What is the most important to do at a wound close to a joint in horses?
a. To determine if the joint is affected
b. Operate the horse as soon as possible
c. Adequate antibiotic treatment
d. Tetanus prophylaxis
To determine if the joint is affected
Which statement is correct concerning inguinal hernia?
a. In direct hernia: the small intestines escape to the subcutaneous space of the scrotum
b. The indirect inguinal hernia is more common than the direct one
c. Both
d. None
The indirect inguinal hernia is more common than the direct one
Ideal therapy in case of a joint injury is..
Joint lavage within 6 hours
Which statement is correct concerning thrush?
a. Long, contracted heels and deep sulci are predisposing to thrush
b. The etiology of the thrush is unknown
c. In the treatment of thrush it is obligatory to keep the frog wet
d. Thrush is a fatal disease
a. Long, contracted heels and deep sulci are predisposing to thrush
What is typical of a uterine torsion in mare?
a. Onset 1 month before parturition, mild-mid colic signs
b. Onset 2 months before parturition, severe colic signs
c. Onset after parturition, mild-mid colic signs
d. Onset 1 month before parturition, severe colic signs
b. Onset 2 months before parturition, severe colic signs
Which statement is correct?
a. Elevating heels in 12-18 degrees can help to prevent the rotation of the P3
b. In peracute and acute phase of laminitis to cool the hoof capsules is beneficial
c. Both
d. None
b. In peracute and acute phase of laminitis to cool the hoof capsules is beneficial
Which is the uppermost muscle layer to be incised during lateral thoracotomy?
a. Dorsal latissimus m
b. Dorsal serratus m
c. Ventral serratus m
d. M.cutaneus trunci
d. M.cutaneus trunci
Which of the following nerves is mostly prone to iatrogenic injury during ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) procedure?
Hypoglossal nerve
What is the advised treatment for an injured podotrochlear bursa after “street nail” puncture in a horse?
a. Bursoscopy through the distal tendon sheath
b. Bursoscopy through the coffin joint
c. Approach from the solar surface of the hoof
d. Conservative treatment
Bursoscopy through the distal tendon sheath
In colic horse surgery, the large colon enterotomy should be performed to rinse out the content?
a. On the dorsal colon
b. On the ventral colon
c. On the pelvic flexure
d. At the level of cecocolic fold
On the pelvic flexure
In which case the conservative fracture treatment is not contraindicated?
a. Intraarticular fracture
b. Salter-harris fracture
c. Oblique fracture
d. Fracture with massive dislocation
d. Fracture with massive dislocation
Which structure is attached to lateral tenia of caecum?
a. Ceco-colic fold
b. Ileo-cecal fold
c. Duodenal-cecal ligament
d. Gastro-duodenal ligament
Ceco-colic fold
Which is not typical of the Uthrecht method to treat left abomasal displacement?
a. Right flank laparotomy is performed
b. Abomasoplexy is performed at the right ventral abdominal wall
c. The abomasum is decompressed
d. The abdominal wall should be closed in three layers
a. Right flank laparotomy is performed
Which of the following suture patterns is not recommended for cystotomy wound closure?
Double layer (penetrating + Lambert) suture
Which of the following statements is correct? Penrose drain is..
a. A tube drain
b. Made of latex
c. A multi-lumen drain
d. Mostly used as an active drain
A tube drain
The most commonly used large colon resection technique in horses is
a. Partial resection with side to side anastomosis
b. Partial resection with end to end anastomosis
c. Subtotal large colon resection
d. Total large colon resection
a. Partial resection with side to side anastomosis
Which muscles are excised at surgery of cribbing in horses?
Sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus, omohyoideus
Which of the following decisions is correct in case of diffuse gastric necrosis during GDV surgery?
a. Billroth I gastroduodenostomy
b. Partial gastrotomy
c. Euthanasia
d. Resorption and gastroplexy
Euthanasia (because its diffuse necrosis)
The correct surgical treatment of a club foot is..
a. Desmotomy of the proximal check ligament
b. Desmotomy of the distal check ligament
c. Tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon
d. Tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon (they were written twice on exam)
b. Desmotomy of the distal check ligament
The treatment of a congenital club foot in a newborn foal is..
a. 3g oxytetracycline intravenously
b. 30g oxytetracycline intravenously
c. 3g erythromycin intravenously
d. 30g erythromycin intravenously
3g oxytetracycline intravenously