Surgery (dates)

Question 1

American dentist found ether was better than laughing gas

Answer 1

1846

Question 2

Ether first used in the UK by Robert Liston

James Simpson discovered the anaesthetising qualities of chloroform

Answer 2

1847

Question 3

John Snow invented the chloroform inhaler

Answer 3

1848

Question 4

John Snow tries amylene

Answer 4

1856

Question 5

Lister developed carbolic acid as an antiseptic

Answer 5

1865

Question 6

Koch uses hot steam to sterilise equipment

Answer 6

1878

Question 7

Lister develops catgut

Answer 7

1881

Question 8

Koller introduces cocaine as an anaesthetic

Answer 8

1884

Question 9

Dr Halstead asks Goodyear Rubber to make gloves

Answer 9

1890

Question 10

Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups

Answer 10

1901

Question 11

Alfred Einhor developed novocaine

Answer 11

1905

Question 12

Cushing uses magnets to remove bullet fragments from the head
Prosthetic limbs are made from a lighter alloy
Debridement developed: cutting away dead skin

Answer 12

1914

Question 13

Lewisohn discovers adding sodium citrate to blood can stop it clotting
Development of mobile x-rays
Use of maggots to clear dead flesh
Robert Jones works on the Thomas Splint
Weil finds blood lasts longer if refrigerated
Robertson pioneers indirect transfusions

Answer 13

1915

Question 14

Rous and Turner find blood can be stored for 4 weeks by adding glucose citrate

Answer 14

1916

Question 15

Carrel-Dakin method
O type blood depots created
Gillies opens a plastic surgery unit

Answer 15

1917

Question 16

Effective tetanus vaccine created - saves 17,000 at Dunkirk

National Blood Transfusion Service set up

Answer 16

1938

Question 17

PTSD better understood
McIndoe and the Guinea Pig Club
Developed heart surgery
Better understanding of neurosurgery

Answer 17

1939

Question 18

NHS gives local access to save surgical procedures

Answer 18

1948