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Surgery Clerkship > Surgery Clerkship 1 > Flashcards

Surgery Clerkship 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What items compromise the sterile field in the OR?

A
  • Instrument table
  • Mayo table
  • Anterior drapes
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2
Q

Can you grab the skin with DeBakey pickups? Why or why not?

A
  • NO

- You must use pickups with teeth to grab the skin-better to cut the skin than crush it

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3
Q
  • Constant dullness to percussion in the left flank/LUQ and resonance to percussion in the right flank
  • Seen with splenic rupture/hematoma
A

Ballance’s sign

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4
Q
  • Ecchymosis over the mastoid process

- Seen with basilar skull fractures

A

Battle’s sign

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5
Q

Battle’s sign

A
  • Ecchymosis over the mastoid process

- Seen with basilar skull fractures

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6
Q

Seen in patients with cardiac tamponade:

  • JVD
  • Muffled heart sounds
  • Decreased blood pressure
A

Beck’s triad

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7
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Seen in patients with cardiac tamponade:

  • JVD
  • Muffled heart sounds
  • Decreased blood pressure
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8
Q

Seen with fat emboli syndrome

  • Mental status change
  • Petechiae, often in the axilla/thorax
  • Dyspnea
A

Bergman’s triad

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9
Q

Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

A

Boas’ sign

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10
Q

Boas’ sign

A

Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

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11
Q

Carcinoid triad

A
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Right heart failure
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12
Q
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Right heart failure
A

Carcinoid triad

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13
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

Seen with cholangitis:

  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • RUQ pain
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14
Q

Seen with cholangitis:

  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • RUQ pain
A

Charcot’s triad

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15
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

Twitching of facial muscles when tapping the facial nerve; in patients with hypocalcemia

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16
Q

Twitching of facial muscles when tapping the facial nerve; in patients with hypocalcemia

A

Chvostek’s sign

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17
Q
  • Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area

- Due to retroperitoneal bleed

A

Cullen’s sign

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18
Q

Cushing’s triad

A

Signs of increased ICP:

  • Bradycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Irregular respirations
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19
Q

Signs of increased ICP:

  • Bradycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Irregular respirations
A

Cushing’s triad

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20
Q

Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank with retroperitoneal bleed

A

Grey Turner’s sign

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21
Q

Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in patients with DVT

A

Homan’s sign

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22
Q

Severe left shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture

A

Kehr’s sign

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23
Q
  • Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to sqeezing

- Used to identify the ureter in surgery

A

Kelly’s sign

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24
Q

Kelly’s sign

A
  • Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to sqeezing

- Used to identify the ureter in surgery

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25
Q

Laplace’s law

A
  • Wall tension = Pressure x Radius

- Therefore, the colon perforates preferentially at the cecum because of the increase in radius

26
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum rule of 2’s

A
  • 2% of the population
  • 2% of them will be symptomatic
  • Within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve
27
Q

Lower quadrant pain due to ovulation

A

Mittelschmerz

28
Q

Pheochromocytoma symptoms triad

A

-Palpitations
-HA
-Episodic diaphroesis
(“PHE”)

29
Q

Reynold’s pentad

A

Seen with SUPPURATIVE cholangitis:

  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • RUQ pain
  • Mental status changes
  • Shock/Sepsis
30
Q

Seen with SUPPURATIVE cholangitis:

  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • RUQ pain
  • Mental status changes
  • Shock/Sepsis
A

Reynold’s pentad

31
Q

RLQ pain with LLQ palpation

A
  • Rosving’s sign

- Seen with appendicitis

32
Q

Rosving’s sign

A
  • RLQ pain with LLQ palpation

- Seen with appendicitis

33
Q

Metastatic tumor to the umbilical lymph nodes

A

Sister Mary Joseph’s node

34
Q

Metastatic tumor of the left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node

35
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Risk factors for thrombosis:

  • Venous stasis
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Abnormal endothelium/Endothelial injury
36
Q

Risk factors for thrombosis:

  • Venous stasis
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Abnormal endothelium/Endothelial injury
A

Virchow’s triad

37
Q
  • Carpal spasm after occlusion of the blood to the forearm with a BP cuff
  • Seen with hypocalcemia
A

Trousseau’s sign

38
Q

Trousseau’s sign

A
  • Carpal spasm after occlusion of the blood to the forearm with a BP cuff
  • Seen with hypocalcemia
39
Q

Whipple’s triad

A

Evidence for insulinoma:

  • Hypoglycemia < 50
  • CNS and vasomotor symptoms
  • Relief of symptoms with glucose administration
40
Q

Evidence for insulinoma:

  • Hypoglycemia < 50
  • CNS and vasomotor symptoms
  • Relief of symptoms with glucose administration
A

Whipple’s triad

41
Q

MC indication for surgery with Crohn’s disease

A

SBO

42
Q

MC type of breast cancer?

A

Infiltrating ductal

43
Q

MCC of pancreatitis?

A

EtOH

44
Q

MC bacteria in stool

A

Bacteroides fragilis

45
Q

MCC of SBO in adults in the US

A

Postop peritoneal adhesions

46
Q

MCC of SBO in children

A

Hernias

47
Q

MC site of GI carcinoids

A

Appendix

48
Q

MC abdominal x-ray finding with SBO?

A

Air-fluid levels

49
Q

MC electrolyte deficiency causing ileus

A

Hypokalemia

50
Q

MC site of sarcoma metastasis

A

Lungs

51
Q

MCC of large bowel obstruction

A

Cancer

52
Q

MC type of colonic volvulus

A

Sigmoid

53
Q

MCC of fever < 48 hours post-op?

A

Atelectasis

54
Q

MC abdominal organ injured in blunt abdominal trauma

A

Liver

55
Q

MC type of pneumonia in the ICU

A

Gram (-) bacteria

56
Q

MC hernia

A

Inguinal - right more than left

57
Q

MC cancer in females

A

Lung

58
Q

MC cancer in males

A

Prostate

59
Q

MCC of free peritoneal air

A

Perforated PUD

60
Q

MC symptom of gastric cancer

A

Weight loss

61
Q

MC site of hematogenous colon cancer metastasis

A

Liver

Surgery Clerkship (4 decks)

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