Surgery Antibiotics

Question 1

Gram + Cocci

Answer 1

S.aureus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

Question 2

Gram + Bacilli (rods)

Answer 2

Clostridium (also anaerobic)
Lactobacillus (also anaerobic)
Corynebacterium
Streptomyces

Question 3

Gram - Cocci

Answer 3

N.meningitidis
N.gonorrheae
M.catarrhalis

Question 4

Gram - Bacilli (rods)

Answer 4

Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli, Kelbsiella, Enterobacter)
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus
Acinetobacter
Moraxella
Bacteroides
Campylobacter
Helicobacter

Question 5

Pseudohyphae (non-bacterial species)

Answer 5

Candida

Question 6

Drugs against MSSA (PO)

Answer 6

Dicloxacillin [gold standard]

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Question 7

Drugs against MSSA (PO)

*PCN allergic alternatives

Answer 7

Doxycycline
TMP-SMX (Bactrim)
Clindamycin

Question 8

Drugs against MSSA (IV)

Answer 8

Nafcillin [gold standard]
Cefazolin (Ancef)
Vancomycin

Question 9

Drugs against MRSA (PO)

Answer 9

Bactrim (TMP-SMX)
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Linezolid

Question 10

Drugs against MRSA (IV)

Answer 10

Vancomycin [gold standard]
Linezolid
Tigecycline
Ceftaroline

Question 11

Anti-Pseudomonal Drugs (PO)

Answer 11

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Question 12

Anti-Pseudomonal Drugs (IV)

Answer 12

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Ceftazidime or Cefepime
Tobramycin
Meropenem or Imipenem
Aztreonam

Question 13

Anti-Anaerobic Drugs (PO)

Answer 13

Metronidazole (Flagyl) [gold standard]
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin) [gold standard]
Clindamycin

Question 14

Anti-Anaerobic Drugs (IV)

Answer 14

PCN/B-lactamase inhibitor combo (Zosyn) [gold standard]
All carbepenems [gold standard]
Metronidazole (Flagyl) [gold standard]
Clindamycin
Cefoxitin

Question 15

Anti-VRE Drugs (PO)

Answer 15

Linezolid or Tedizolid

Question 16

Anti-VRE Drugs (IV)

Answer 16

Linezolid or Tedizolid
Daptomycin
Tigecycline
Telavancin

Question 17

Atypical PNA Infectious causes

Answer 17

Legionella
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma

Question 18

Atypical PNA Tx

Answer 18

Should cover both typical and atypical pathogens

PO tx options:

1. Doxycycline
2. Fluoroquinolone
3. Macrolide

Question 19

SPACE Organisms

Answer 19

Serratia
Pseudomonas and Proteus
Acinetobacter
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

Question 20

SPACE Organisms Tx

Answer 20

Gram neg bacilli
Difficult to treat d/t resistance issues
Use empiric double coverage (from 2 drug classes) until culture sensitivities return

Tx Options:

1. TMP-SMX
2. Fluoroquinolones
3. Carbapenems
4. Aminoglycosides

Question 21

Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms: ESKAPE

Answer 21

Enterococcus (VRE)
Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Klebsiella (ESBL producing)
Acinetobacter
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter and E.Coli (ESBL producing)

Question 22

Fungal Organisms

Answer 22

Candidiasis (MC Candida albicans)
Cryptococcus
Histoplasmosis
Pneumocystis
Aspergillosis