Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery 1 > Surgery 2.2a-.csv - Name - Question - Answer.csv > Flashcards

Surgery 2.2a-.csv - Name - Question - Answer.csv Flashcards

1
Q

Blood coming out from area of injury

A

Cessation of bleeding due to several factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If there is cut either a complete or partial transaction

A

There is constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do lumen and plasma (blood vessels) consist of?

A

RBC, WBC, Platelets, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells are present in the intimal lining of blood vessels?

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outer layer

A

medial and externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is goal of hemostasis?

A

Goal is to prevent further blood loss function of disrupted vessel that has been incised or transected

Limit blood loss from an injured vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What major physiological events happen (independent of each other)?

A

Vascular constriction, platelet plug, fibrin formation, fibrinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the half life of platelets?

A

7 days/1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal amount of platelets?

A

150,000 to 400,000/uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are platelets?

A

Anuclear fragments of megakaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What role do platelets play in hemostasis?

A

They form a hemostatic plug and contribute to thrombin formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do platelets adhere?

A

via Von Willebrand factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes secretion of substances in hemostasis?

A

Activation of platelet in the sub endothelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What might be the result of excess adhesion (platelet adhesion and fibrinogen)?

A

Might cause obstruction of blood vessel, causing compromise in the blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the phases of Hemostasis?

A

Vascular phase (Vasoconstriction), Platelet phase (Platelets aggregate), Coagulation phase (Clot formation), and Fibrinolysis (Clot retraction, clot destruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of Factor I?

A

Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of Factor II?

A

Prothrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of Factor III?

A

Tissue Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name of Factor IV?

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name of Factor V?

A

Labile, Proaccelerin, Accelerator Globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the name of Factor VII?

A

Proconvertin, Stable Factor, Serum Prothrombin Conversion Accelerator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of Factor VIII?

A

Antihemophilic Factor, Antihemophilic Globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of Factor IX?

A

Christmas Factor, Plasma Thromboplastin Component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the name of Factor X?

A

Stuart – Power Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the name of Factor XI?

A

Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the name of Factor XII?

A

Hageman Factor

27
Q

What is the name of Factor XIII?

A

Fibrin Stabilizing Factor, Fibrinase

28
Q

What are the steps of the common pathway?

A

Prothrombin –> Thrombin –> Fibrin

29
Q

What clotting factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?

A

VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

30
Q

What clotting factor isinvolved in the extrinsic pathway?

A

VII

31
Q

Vascular endothelial injury leads to what?

A

Platelet hemostatic function and vasoconstriction

32
Q

Subendothelial collagen causes what functions in platelets?

A

Platelet adhesion secretion (reversible), Platelet aggregation secretion (irreversible), and Platelet aggregation

33
Q

Platelet adhesion secretion involves what neurotransmitters?

A

ADP, serotonin, Ca2+, fibrinogen

34
Q

Coagulation activation via tissue factor involves which clotting factor?

A

Factor VIIa

35
Q

Coagulation activation via tissue factor leads to what?

A

Complexes on activated platelets

36
Q

Complexes on activated platelets involve which clotting factors?

A

IXa, Xa

37
Q

Complexes on activated plateletscause what?

A

Thrombin + Fibrinogen

38
Q

Thrombin + Fibrinogen cause what?

A

Platelet-fibrin thrombus

39
Q

What is vascular constriction?

A

Initial response to vessel injury

40
Q

When does vascular constriction occur?

A

Before any platelet adherence at the site of injury

41
Q

What is Thrombosane A2?

A

A potent constrictor of smooth muscles, it is produced locally at the site of injury via the release of arachidonic acid from the platelet membranes

42
Q

What is Endothelin

A

A potent vasoconstrictor synthesized by injured epithelium

43
Q

What is serotonin?

A

A potent vasoconstrictor released during platelet aggregation

44
Q

What are Bradykinin and Fibrinopeptides?

A

Vasoconstrictors

45
Q

What is the lifespan of a platelet?

A

7 to 10 days

46
Q

What are the steps of platelet plug formation?

A
  1. Injury to intimal layer, 2. Exposes subendothelial collagen, 3. Platelets adhere, 4. Platelet adhesion, 5. Recruits other platelets from the circulating blood to seal disrupted vessel, 6. Primary Hemostasis
47
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

A

Intrinsic pathway, common pathway…Factors: II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, and Fibrinogen; High Molecular Weight (HMW) Kininogen and Prekallikrein

48
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Extrinsic pathway, common pathway; Factors: II, V, VII, X, and Fibrinogen

49
Q

Fibrin clot breakdown (lysis) allows what?

A

Restoration of blood flow during the healing process following injury. It begins at the same time clot formation is initiated.

50
Q

If no lysis, continuous clot leads to…

A

occluded blood vessel –> tissue will die (e.g. heart attack, gangrene and necrosis)

51
Q

Describe formation of the fibrin degradation products (FDPs), tPA (tissue plasminogen activator

A

Platelet –> Thrombin –> Fibrin –>FDP; Endothelium –>tPA –> Plasminogen to Plasmin to FDP

52
Q

Describe the extrinsic pathway

A

Vascular injury –> Tissue factor + factor VII –> Tissue factor-Factor VIIa; (Tissue factor-Factor VIIa) Ca2+can lead to Factor IX (and then IXa)to Factor X (and then Xa) [or directly to Factor X and then Xa] and then Factor Va, Ca2+, Phospholipid –> Prothrombin (factor II) and Thrombin (factor IIa) –> Fibrinogen to Fibrin, Factor XIIIa, and X-linked fibrin (or Factof XIII, Ca2+, and Fibrin)

53
Q

Describe the intrinsic pathway

A

Surface - Factor XII to Factor XIIa (inflammation, complement activation, fibrinolysis) to Physiologic to Factor XI and XIa (where it can link up to the extrinsic pathway in the Factof IX stage) or Factor VIII and VIIIa (or V) (where it can link up with the extrinsic pathway at the Factor Va and phospholipid stage) or Thrombin (factor IIa)

54
Q

What is the purpose of digital pressure?

A

To prevent further bleeding

55
Q

What is the purpose of an extremity tourniquet?

A

To oclude a major vessel proximal to bleeding site

56
Q

What is the pringle maneuver for, and how is it performed?

A

For liver bleeding. It is performed with a vascular clamp, and it occludes the hepatic pedicle containing the portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct (the liver is supplied by hepatic artery and portal vein)

57
Q

What is a simple ligature used for?

A

Small vessels

58
Q

How is direct pressure applied?

A

By “packing” a wound with gauze

59
Q

How does heat achieve hemostasis?

A

By denaturation of protein that results in coagulation of large areas of tissue

60
Q

What does electrocautery do?

A

Helps control the bleeding

61
Q

How should the amplitude of electrocautery be set?

A

High enough to produce prompt coagulation, but not so high as to set up an arc between the tissue and cautery tip

62
Q

How are hemostatic agents classified, and what do they do?

A

Classified based on their mechanism of action, and many act at specific stages in the coagulation cascade and take advantage of natural physiologic responses to bleeding

63
Q

What are the qualities of an ideal topical hemostatic agent?

A

Significant hemostatic action, minimal tissue reactivity, non-antigenicity, in vivo biodegradability, ease of sterilization, low cost, can be tailored to specific needs

Surgery 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions