Surgery

Question 1

Which is the most common breast lesion/condition in women i) < 30 and ii) > 30?

Answer 1

< 30: Fibroadenoma

> 30: Breast cyst

Question 2

Breast cyst vs Breast abscess

Answer 2

While a cyst is a sac enclosed by distinct abnormal cells, an abscess is a pus-filled infection in your body caused by, for example, bacteria or fungi.

The main difference in symptoms is: a cyst grows slowly and isn’t usually painful, unless it becomes enlarged.

Question 3

Breast lump: imaging modality steps

Answer 3

< 40: Breast USS (breast tissue to dense for mammogram)
> 40: Breast mammogram

If malignancy detected -> Breast MRI for extent of disease in breast and CT for matastasis

Higher breast cancer risk patients: straight to MRI (<45)

Diagnosis gold-standard: MRI (soft tissue)

Question 4

Breast cancer: why is CT indicated when cancer cells are detected

Answer 4

To detect metastasis

Most commonly: the bones, lungs, brain, or liver.

Question 5

What is the most common gene that predisposes women to breast cancer?

Answer 5

BRCA1 & BRCA2
Tumour suppressor genes - autosomal dominent inheritance

Only 5-10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to BRCA1 & 2

Question 6

BRCA1 & BRCA2: Places patients at higher risk for which patients

Answer 6

BRCA1:
Breast cancer: F- 50-65%, M- 1.2%
Ovarian cancer: 40-65%
Pancreas cancer: 1-3%
Prostate cancer: 9%

BRCA2:
Breast cancer: F- 40-55%, M- up to 9%
Ovarian cancer: 15-25%
Pancreas cancer: 2-7%
Prostate cancer: 15%

Question 7

Classification of Breast imaging (BI-RADS)

Answer 7

Types of imaging: US: U, MRI, Mammogram: M