Surgeries Flashcards
What is a total colectomy, its incisions and why you have it?
Removal of all of the colon
Midline incision
Bowel cancer or bleeding
What is a sigmoid colectomy, its incisions and why you have it?
Removal of the sigmoid colon - lies on the left side of the abdominal cavity
Midline incision
Cancer or bleeding
What is a hemi-colectomy (left or right), its incisions and why you have it?
Removal of part of the colon
Midline incision
Cancer or bleeding
What is a ileostomy, its incisions and why you have it?
Connects the last part of the small intestine (ileum) to the abdominal wall
Midline incision
Cancer, Crohn’s disease or bleeding
What is an anterior resection - rectum and descending colon, its incisions and why have it?
Removal of your bowel and rectum
Midline incision
Cancer or bleeding
What is a appendicectomy, its incisions and why you have it?
Removal of the appendix
Right Gridiron or Lanz incision
Appendicitis
What is a gastrectomy and its incisions?
Removal of the stomach
Midline incision
Cancer or bleeding
What is a cholecystectomy, its incisions and why have it?
Removal of the gallbladder
Right Kocher incision or laproscopy
Gallstones
What is a hernia repair and its incisions?
Repairs the hernia by placing the lump of fatty tissue or loop of bowel back into the abdomen and placing a mesh at the weak spot where the hernia came out to strengthen it
Incision directly over the hernia
What is a nephrectomy, its incisions and why have it?
Removal of a kidney
Incision made on the side of the patient just below the ribs
Cancer
What is a oesophagectomy, its incisions and why have it?
Removal of the oesophagus
Mercedes Benz, Rooftop or Kocher
Cancer
What is a lung resection and why would you have it?
Removal of part or all of the lung
Cancer
What is a lobectomy and its incisions?
Removal of an entire lobe of the lung
Thoracotomy
What is a segmentectomy and its incisions?
Removal of part of one of the lobes of the lung to remove a cancerous tumor
Thoracotomy
What is a pneumonectomy and its incisions?
Removal of an entire lung
Thoracotomy
Explain a thoracotomy procedure
Technique to open up the chest
Incision between the 5th and 6th rib
Elevate the arm to move the scapula out of the way
Involves cutting out 1 rib to get enough space and cut through the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior
May damage neurovascular bundle
Causes trauma to the costocondral, costovertebral and costotransverse joints
What are the precautions after a thoracotomy?
No pushing/pulling with the arms
No lifting for 6 weeks
What are the aims of treatment after a thoracotomy?
Must move shoulder through full ROM
Supported cough and progress walking distance daily
Aim for slight shortness of breath
What is a coronary artery bypass and its incisions?
Involves taking a blood vessel from another part of the body (usually chest, leg or arm) and attaching it to the coronary artery above and below the narrowed area or blockage
Sternotomy
What is the reason for having a valve repair or replacement?
Valve does not open fully which obstructs flow of blood = valve stenosis or narrowing
If valve does not close properly it will allow blood to leak backwards = valve incompetence or regurgitation or leaky valve
What is the reason for having a coronary artery bypass?
Narrowing and hardening of the left and/or right coronary arteries due to a build-up of plaque = athersclerosis
What is a valve replacement and its incisions?
Replacement of the valve with a new one
Sternotomy
Which valve most commonly has a replacement or repair?
Mitral valve
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Bulge or swelling in the aorta
The main blood vessel that runs from the heart down through the chest and into the abdomen
Can get bigger over time and rupture causing life-threatening bleeding
What is an aneurysm repair and what is its incisions?
Graft is placed in the aorta
Open surgery - incision in the abdomen
Endovascular surgery – the graft is inserted into a blood vessel in your groin and then carefully passed up into the aorta
What is a sternotomy?
Cutting through and dividing the sternum to provide acces to the heart
Wires are used to fix the sternum back together
What are the precautions to a sternotomy?
Cough with support
No pushing/pulling with arms
No lifting for 6 weeks
Do not sleep with arms behind head
Do not sleep on side at first
6-8 weeks recovery
What is the main problem in patients following surgery that affects physiotherapy management?
Reduced Lung Volume (Atelectasis)
What type of disease is atelectasis?
Restrictive
