Surgeon's Use of Ultrasound

Question 1

Abdominal structures are best imaged with a ?

Answer 1

Low Frequency Transducer

Question 2

FAST is performed in a specific sequence

Answer 2

1-pericardial area is visualized first so blood within the heart can be used as a standard to set the gain

2-abdominal part of the FAST should begin with a survey of the RUQ

3-LUQ

4-Pelvis

Question 3

Position of Transducer

Answer 3

1- The subxiphoid > pericardial sac
2-The right anterior or mid-axillary line between the eleventh and twelfth ribs > liver, kidney, and diaphragm
3-Left posterior axillary line between the tenth and eleventh ribs > the spleen and kidney
4-Placed about 4 cm superior to the symphysis pubis > pelvis

Question 4

Patient with Pnemothorax ?

Answer 4

Repeating the FAST after the insertion of a tube thoracostomy improves visualization of the pericardial area

Question 5

How to see Hemothorax with Fast ?

Answer 5

one to two rib spaces higher than the RUQ and LUQ FAST views

in the mid to posterior axillary lines between the ninth and tenth intercostal spaces > Same for Pleural effusion

Question 6

what findings are absent in pnemothorax FAST ?

Answer 6

1- comet tail that results from the interaction of air with the lung tissue

2- pleural sliding, which indicates that the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura are in normal apposition

Question 7

Position of FAST for Pnemothorax

Answer 7

third to fourth intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line

Question 8

Best View to Visualize Sternum Fracture

Answer 8

Lateral Xray View

Question 9

DVT Fast ?

Answer 9

inferior to the inguinal ligament, where the common femoral vein is identified.

Compression is applied while sliding the transducer distally along the common femoral vasculature until the deep femoral vein and superficial femoral veins are visualized.

If the vein is well visualized, it is followed distally to the popliteal area.

Question 10

How to asses Intravascular Volume

Answer 10

subxiphoid area

An inferior vena cava that is easily compressible indicates that the patient is hypovolemic

whereas an inferior vena cava that is noncompressible or has a diameter greater than 2 cm indicates that the patient is euvolemic or hypervolemic

Question 11

the four critical views of the FREE examination

Answer 11

(1) parasternal long axis
(2) parasternal short axis
(3) apical four-chamber view
(4) subxiphoid view to examine for the diameter and compressibility of the vena cava

estimate an ejection fraction, diagnose moderate to severe cardiac dysfunction, and identify inferior vena cava