SURG CARDS 1 Flashcards
What is the most likely issue in a popliteal or femoral aneurysm?
The risk of embolizing (blue toe syndrome) rather than rupture
What is the classic “syndrome” associated with aortoiliac occlusive disease?
Leriche syndrome (gluteal wasting, impotence, and claudication (calfs))
What is the best way to measure intra-abdominal pressure?
Foley catheter (be sure to clamp)
What % of a pts intravascular volume has been lost if the pt is a supine hypotensive?
At least 30%
What is Becks triad?
JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
What are the most common causes of post-splenectomy bleeding?
Unligated short gastric vessel or slippage of a surgical knot
What is a Richter’s hernia? How does it present?
When only a portion of bowel strangulates leading to partial SBO
Where is venous drainage from esophagus
Superiorly into inferior thyroid vein, in middle into azygous and hemiazygous, distally L gastric vein (coronary vein)
What is the operative mgmt of cervical esophageal injury vs. thoracic?
Cervical = debridement and drainage of posterior mediastinum; debridement with 2 layer muscle repair with reinforcement with intercostal muscle flap
A Swan Ganz catheter uses thermodilution techniques to measure what parameter?
Cardiac output
How is potassium cardioplegia introduced into the heart (2 ways)
1) Down the aortic root into the coronary arteries (sinuses of Valsalva) or it can be put into the coronary sinus (retrograde cardioplegia) since the venous system lacks valves
What is indicated if inotropic support does not reverse the flow state of myocardial failure?
An intraaortic balloon pump should be placed (it is synchronized to the EKG = inflates in diastole to fill the coronary arteries; deflates in systole to vacuum blood and decrease afterload
How do you differentiate complete colonic obstruction from partial? How do you manage?
Complete will be obstipated and incomplete will have have some flatus or stool; Partial = Admit, NGT, NPO, IVF; Complete = emergent surgery
What STD increases the risk of colon CA?
Lymphogranuloma venereum (C. trachomatis)
How are the lymph nodes procured in cancer surgeries of colectomies?
The mesentery is taken down all the way at the base of the supplying blood vessel, i.e. IMA ligated and taken at its base. This gets the max number of LNs since they follow the arterial supply
What are the 3 hemorrhoidal beds?
L anterior, R anterior, and R posterior
How does a rectal abscess begin?
Obstruction of the perianal glands between the internal and external sphincters (intersphincteric space)
CCKb receptors in the stomach respond to what hormone?
These are actually gastrin receptors
Palpable ridge on DRE in gastric CA
Blumers shelf = peritoneal seeding
What ABI is associated with ischemic rest pain? What historically points you towards a pt having IRP?
0.4; dangling the foot over the bed at night to get rid of pain (caused by nerve hypoxia)/ dependent rubor
What is the parasthesia of the anteromedial thigh called when caused by an obturator hernia?
Howship-Romberg sign
What is the mgmt of cervical esophageal CA?
H/P and plain film then surgical debridement and drainage of posterior mediastinum. Place gastrostomy tube if anticipating NPO for awhile. Primary repair usually not necessary
What are the major complications of cross-clamping of the aorta?
Spinal ischemia and renal ischemia
What is required anatomically for flail chest?
2 or more adjacent ribs fractured segmentally in 2 or more places