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Pharmaceutics - Test 3 > Surfactants, Polymers, and Chelation (Classes 16-18) > Flashcards

Surfactants, Polymers, and Chelation (Classes 16-18) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?

A

Cohesion is attraction between like molecules; adhesion is attraction between dissimilar molecules

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2
Q

When water beads up on a waxed car, is that an example of increased cohesion or adhesion?

A

cohesion

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3
Q

Is surface tension the result of cohesion or adhesion?

A

cohesion

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4
Q

How do you calculate surface tension?

A

1/2rhpg

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5
Q

What are the most toxic surfactants?

A

cationic

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6
Q

What are the safest surfactants?

A

non-ionic

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7
Q

How does a surfactant affect surface tension?

A

Lowers it

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8
Q

Are high surface activity compounds better at raising or lowering surface tension?

A

Lowering

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9
Q

What’s the relationship between solubility and surface activity?

A

Inversely related (Any factor that tends to decrease solubility of a surfactant will increase surface activity; Increasing hydrocarbon chain will increase surface activity)

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10
Q

What does HLB stand for?

A

Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance

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11
Q

What does a higher HLB value mean?

A

Higher HLB -> more hydrophilic; more dominant polar head

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12
Q

What does a lower HLB value mean?

A

Lower HLB -> more lipophilic; longer carbon chains

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13
Q

When CMC is reached, what happens?

A

Micelles form

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14
Q

How does HLB value correlate to CMC?

A

Higher HLB = Higher CMC

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15
Q

Addition of 1 methylene group to a surfactant chain does what to the CMC?

A

decreases it 3-fold.

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16
Q

What mixture killed michael jackson?

A

Propofol and lorazepam

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17
Q

What are some properties of polymers?

A

crystallinity, solubility, polydispersity, glass transition temperature, chain entanglement

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18
Q

Describe crystallinity

A

The degree to which polymer strands will align in rigid, uniform lines. Less order = amorphous.

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19
Q

Properties of a polymer depend on what 2 things?

A

Size and shape

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20
Q

Reactivity of a polymer depends on what 2 things?

A

Chemistry and assembly of units

21
Q

What is a substance of high molecular weight consisting of repeating monomers called?

A

polymer

22
Q

What repeating unit is used in teflon?

A

CF2

23
Q

For a polymer to be perfectly monodisperse, what does the PI need to be?

A

1

24
Q

What must the polydispersity index be for a polymer to be considered monodisperse?

A

between 1 and 1.1

25
Q

What does polydisperse mean?

A

multiple chains of varying length

26
Q

When a polymer is placed in temps below its Tg, what are some characteristics of the polymer?

A

hard, stiff, glassy

27
Q

When a polymer is placed in temps above its Tg, what are the characteristics of the polymer?

A

Weak, flexible, ductile

28
Q

Do short polymer chains have a higher or lower Tg than cross-linked polymer chains?

A

lower

29
Q

In polystyrene vs a milk jug, which polymer would have the lower Tg? Which polymer would have shorter chains?

A

polystyrene. Polystyrene

30
Q

What factors decrease dissolution rate of a polymer?

A

Increased molecular weight, crystallinity, cross-linking

31
Q

A drug encapsulated in a polymer must diffuse through what extra layer before it reaches the diffusion layer?

A

gel layer

32
Q

What type of drug delivery system exploits the properties of osmosis?

A

Oros

33
Q

What are 4 types of copolymers?

A

alternating, random, graft, block

34
Q

Name 4 uses of polymers in pharmacy.

A

Drug delivery systems, film coatings, IV Admin sets, Membranes & filters, Thickening agents, Tablet excipients (binders, disintegrants), meshes

35
Q

If you wanted to make a chewable quality polymer, Tg should be about what?

A

Body temperature

36
Q

What are some factors that decrease the dissolution rate of a polymer?

A

Increased molecular weight, increased crystallinity, increased crosslinking

37
Q

What are some examples of nanocarriers?

A

liposomes, nanospheres, nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanosuspensions, nanogels

38
Q

What are 2 types of adsorption?

A

physical & chemisorption

39
Q

According to langmuir’s isotherm, what is formed by molecules that adsorb to a solid surface?

A

monolayer

40
Q

Give an example of a therapy that uses adsorption?

A

activated charcoal

41
Q

Give an example of a therapeutic chelation agent?

A

EDTA

42
Q

Give two examples of chelation agents found naturally?

A

heme & chlorophyll

43
Q

Do cyclic structures increase or decrease chelate stability?

A

increase

44
Q

Is a high log k value associated with greater or less stability?

A

greater

45
Q

What is the chelate effect predominantly the effect of?

A

entropy

46
Q

What is denticity?

A

the number of atoms in a single ligand that bind to a central atom in a coordination complex

47
Q

What needs to be chelated in Wilson’s disease and what is a chelation agent to do it?

A

Copper; Penicillamine

48
Q

Tetracycline is used for Rocky mountain spotted fever. What does Tetracycline chelate within the diet?

A

Milk, iron, antacids

49
Q

Why do we not give tetracycline to children less than 8?

A

It will chelate with the teeth

Pharmaceutics - Test 3 (3 decks)

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