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Neuroanatomy > Surfaces of the cerebrum > Flashcards

Surfaces of the cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

How much does the brain weigh?

A

1.5 Kilograms

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2
Q

What are the main parts of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Right and left hemispheres
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brainstem
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3
Q

What separates the two hemispheres?

A

The longitudinal fissure

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4
Q

What are the three meninges that cover the brain?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia Mater
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the dura mater?

A
  1. The hardest meninx out of the three.
  2. Most external meninx.
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6
Q

What is the Flax cerebri?

A

A piece of dura that continues into the longitudinal fissure.

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7
Q

When we remove the brain, what happens to the dura?

A

Most of the dura remains attached to the skull.

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8
Q

Bluish/mostly see-through meninx is called

A

Arachnoid mater (spider-web)

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9
Q

What are gyri?

A

The folds of the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What are the sulci?

A

The grooves of the cerebral cortex.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the pia mater?

A
  1. It is the innermost mater.
  2. It is the thinnest.
  3. It cannot be seen in the brain as clearly as in the spinal cord.
  4. Closely follows the cerebral cortex.
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12
Q

Does the Arachnoid go into the gyri and sulci?

A

No, it is the only mater that superficially covers the brain.

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13
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

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14
Q

What is a cistern?

A

It is a reservoir where there is more CSF due to the arachnoid passing over a gap between structures.

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15
Q

Name the 5 cisterns in the brain.

A
  1. Cerebromedullary cistern (cisterna magna).
  2. Pontine cistern.
  3. Interpeduncular cistern.
  4. Superior cistern.
  5. Lateral fissure cistern.
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16
Q

A characteristic of the sulci

A

There are three main sulci which divide the brain into 4 main lobes.

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17
Q

What are the names of the three main dividing sulci?

A
  1. Lateral fissure (lateral sulcus)
  2. The central sulcus.
  3. Parieto-occipital sulcus.
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18
Q

Where is the frontal lobe regarding the central sulcus?

A

Anterior to the central sulcus.

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19
Q

Where is the temporal lobe in comparison to the lateral fissure?

A

Below it, inferior.

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20
Q

Where is the parietal lobe?

A

Between the parieto-occiptal sulcus and the central sulcus.

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21
Q

Where is the occipital lobe?

A

Posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and the pre-occipital notch.

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22
Q

Is the frontal lobe divided? If so, how many?

A

Yes, to four gyri.

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23
Q

Precentral gyrus

A
  1. Contains the primary motor are.
  2. It is anterior to the central sulcus.
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24
Q

Which regions do the inferior and superior frontal sulci separate?

A
  1. Superior frontal gyrus.
  2. Inferior frontal gyrus.
  3. Middle frontal gyrus.
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25
Q

The inferior frontal gyrus is further divided into three parts, name them.

A
  1. Pars orbitalis
  2. Pars triangularis.
  3. Pars opercularis.
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26
Q

What is shared between the anterior ramus and the ascending ramus?

A

They are both branches of the lateral fissure.

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27
Q

Name the three gyri of the temporal lobe

A
  1. Superior temporal gyrus.
  2. Middle temporal gyrus.
  3. Inferior temporal gyrus.
28
Q

What are the sulci of the temporal lobe called?

A
  1. Inferior temporal sulcus.
  2. Inferior temporal sulcus.
29
Q

To how many gyri is the temporal lobe divided?

A

3

30
Q

What are the names of the gyri separated by the temporal sulci?

A
  1. Inferior temporal gyrus
  2. Middle temporal gyrus
  3. Superior temporal gyrus
31
Q

To how many gyri is the parietal lobe divided by?

A

Four

32
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Posterior the central sulcus

33
Q

What area does the postcentral gyrus contain?

A

Primary sensory area

34
Q

Which sulcus does the supramarginal gyrus engulf?

A

The posterior ramus

35
Q

What engulfs the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus?

A

The angular gyrus

36
Q

What separates between the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Intraparietal sulcus

37
Q

Other names for angular gyrus & supra-marginal gyrus?

A

Angular gyrus= inferior parietal lobule
Supra-marginal gyrus = superior parietal lobule

38
Q

Is the occipital lobe divided?

A

Not Laterally

39
Q

What does insula mean?

A

Island

40
Q

Which gyri cover the insula? What is it called?

A
  1. Inferior frontal gyrus
  2. Lower parts of the precentral & post-central gyri
  3. Superior temporal gyrus.
  4. All of these together are called the operculum
41
Q

Is the insula divided?

A

Yes, it is divided by the central sulcus of insula

42
Q

What are the parts of the insula?

A
  1. Anterior part, short gyri
  2. Posterior part. long gyri
43
Q

What’s the name of the anterior edge of the insula?

A

Limen insulae meaning: threshold.

44
Q

What’s common between the planum temporale and the anterior transverse gyrus?

A
  1. They’re found within the lateral fissure.
  2. They continuous with the superior temporal gyrus.
  3. They both contain primary auditory area.
45
Q

What’s another name for the Anterior Transverse gyrus?

A

Heschel’s convolution.

46
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  1. A large structure made of white matter.
  2. Connects the two hemispheres.
47
Q

What are the parts of the corpus callosum

A
  1. Rostrum
  2. Genu
  3. Body
  4. Splenium
48
Q

Fornix

A
  1. Found below the corpus callosum
  2. A structure belonging to the hippocampus.
  3. A structure of white matter.
49
Q

What are the parts of the Fornix?

A
  1. Column
  2. Body
  3. Crus
50
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

A thin sheet of neuroglial tissue that separates the frontal horns from the lateral ventricles.

51
Q

What cerebral structure is posterior to the lamina terminalis?

A

Anterior commissure.

52
Q

What is the thalamus to the fornix?

A

Inferior.

53
Q

What’s the center of the thalamus called?

A

Interthalamic adhesion or massa intermedia.

54
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  1. Inferior to the thalamus.
  2. Is separated from the thalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus.
55
Q

Pineal Body

A

Posterior to the hypothalamus.

56
Q

Cingulate sulcus

A

Divides the frontal lobe into two structures.

57
Q

Frontal lobe gyri

A
  1. Medial frontal gyrus.
  2. Cingulate gyrus.
58
Q

Posterior branches of the cingulate sulcus

A
  1. Paracentral sulcus
  2. Marginal sulcus
59
Q

What lies between the paracentral and marginal sulci

A

The paracentral lobule.

59
Q

Subcallosal area

A

The area below the genu of the corpus callosum

60
Q

Does the paracentral lobule contain the central sulcus?

A

Yes

60
Q

What’s in front of the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Precuneus.

60
Q

Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus.

A

Right behind the splenium of the corpus callosum.

61
Q

What’s behind the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Occipital lobe.

61
Q

Is the occipital lobe divided?

A

Yes, it is divided by the calcarine sulcus.

61
Q

Which structures does the calcarine sulcus separate?

A
  1. Primary visual area.
  2. Cuneus.
  3. Lingual gyrus.

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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