Surfaces and Essences

Question 1

Embodied cognition

Answer 1

theory that of our concepts are intimately dependent on our bodies.our physiological sense of are embodiments of our physical senses.

Question 2

Thought is anchored in two places

Answer 2

1. thought is anchored in the past through analogies–mental simulations of experiences or truths
2. it is anchored in the concrete world through the body, which has participated in many experiences.

Question 3

Abstraction

Answer 3

the result of recognizing and isolating what different concrete concepts have in common

Question 4

Expertise is

Answer 4

recognizing the salient features and being able to abstract away the surface noise– choosing the correct cognitive model that this situation fits into

Question 5

Key to Memory retrieval

Answer 5

Surface level features–formal or sensory aspect of the feature

Question 6

Developing Expertise

Answer 6

Developing the ability to recognize which of the surface distinction lead to the core of the thing

Question 7

Good Analogies

Answer 7

involves making good but more abstract analogies– analogies between encodings or conceptual skeletons.

Question 8

The difference between expert and beginner is not their style of thinking–logical for the expert and a analogically for the beginner–

Answer 8

but the repertoire of categories that they have at their disposal, and the way those categories are organized.

Question 9

Categories let us

Answer 9

treat new things as familiar. Analogies allow us to see the novel as familiar.

Question 10

Uses of a familiar domain

Answer 10

used in order to understand a new domain, especially to predict new aspects of this new domain